Once the first brown dwarf candidates were actually found, however, astronomers realized that it was actually quite difficult to definitely rule on the
validity of competing hypotheses about how a substellar object was actually formed without having been there.
«Suddenly I don't think that I have all the facts, that the sober
analysis of competing hypotheses has not taken place, that the global consensus often bandied about is a fallacy — a variation of ad populum argument — and that our nation can not commit itself to irrevocable courses of actions based on compromised science.»
Prediction from low birthweight to female adolescent depression: A test of competing hypotheses