Evidence suggests that treating children with elevated cholesterol reduces their risk
of coronary heart disease later in life.
Not exact matches
Using the scale as a benchmark, patients without a history
of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, congestive
heart failure,
coronary artery
disease, or cirrhosis have only a 3.1 percent probability
of developing
late, serious complications following joint replacement surgery.
Three recent experimental studies focused on low consumption / exposure.949596 In one study, 29 smokers each consumed a single cigarette, immediately after which they had a significant decrease in blood vessel output power and significant increase in blood vessel ageing level and remaining blood volume 25 minutes
later, as markers
of atherosclerosis.94 In another study, human
coronary artery endothelial cells were exposed to the smoke equivalent to one cigarette, which led to activation
of oxidant stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 and up - regulation
of cytochrome p450, considered to have a role in the development
of heart disease.95 These effects were not seen when
heart cells were exposed to the vapour from one e - cigarette.95 A study exposed adult mice to low intensity tobacco smoke (two cigarettes) for one to two months and found adverse histopathological effects on brain cells.96
Interestingly, one study re-evaluated early evidence from the
late 60s and early 70s to find replacing saturated fat with linoleic acid «effectively lowers serum cholesterol but does not support the hypothesis that this translates to a lower risk
of death from
coronary heart disease or all causes.»
The theory — called the lipid hypothesis — that there is a direct relationship between the amount
of saturated fat and cholesterol in the diet and the incidence
of coronary heart disease was proposed by a researcher named Ancel Keys in the
late 1950's.
29 Two years
later, another study was published in the highly - esteemed British Medical Journal that concluded, «Saturated fats are not associated with all - cause mortality, cardiovascular
disease,
coronary heart disease, stroke, or type 2 diabetes...» 30 Dietary saturated fats protect the
heart and reduce the risk
of cardiovascular
disease.31