Not exact matches
Richard J. McManus, F.R.C.G.P.,
of the University
of Oxford, and colleagues randomly assigned 552 patients with hypertension and a history
of stroke,
coronary heart disease, diabetes, or chronic kidney
disease to self - monitoring
of blood pressure combined with an individualized self - titration algorithm or a control group (patients received usual care consisting
of seeing their health care clinician for routine blood pressure measurement and adjustment
of medication if necessary).
In the largest study
of its kind to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and
coronary artery
disease, vitamin D deficiency (20ng / mL) was observed in 70.4 percent
of patients undergoing
coronary angiography — an imaging test used to
see how blood flows through the arteries in the
heart.
A high excess relative risk (in comparison with 20 cigarettes per day) was
seen in 17
of 20 estimates (median 57 % all estimates; 49 % for
coronary heart disease and 62 % for stroke, comparable to those from the meta - analyses).
Three recent experimental studies focused on low consumption / exposure.949596 In one study, 29 smokers each consumed a single cigarette, immediately after which they had a significant decrease in blood vessel output power and significant increase in blood vessel ageing level and remaining blood volume 25 minutes later, as markers
of atherosclerosis.94 In another study, human
coronary artery endothelial cells were exposed to the smoke equivalent to one cigarette, which led to activation
of oxidant stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 and up - regulation
of cytochrome p450, considered to have a role in the development
of heart disease.95 These effects were not
seen when
heart cells were exposed to the vapour from one e - cigarette.95 A study exposed adult mice to low intensity tobacco smoke (two cigarettes) for one to two months and found adverse histopathological effects on brain cells.96
Nuts» high antioxidant content helps explain results
seen in the Iowa Women's Health Study in which risk
of death from cardiovascular and
coronary heart diseases showed strong and consistent reductions with increasing nut / peanut butter consumption.
Rarely, you may encounter a GP who reassures you that cholesterol is just one risk factor among many when considering the risk
of coronary heart disease (like my Bulgarian GP # 3), however, it's more likely that your encounters will be less than reassuring and that sound, actionable advice will be nowhere to be
seen.