Sentences with phrase «of costimulatory»

Dr. Sharpe's functional analysis of costimulatory pathways regulating T cell activation has led to understanding of (1) the roles of B7 - 1 and B7 - 2 as positive regulators through CD28 and (2) negative regulators through CTLA - 4, and (3) the role of PD - L1 and PD - L2 as negative regulators through PD - 1.

These include T - cell depletion by apoptosis; anergy (ie, the process by which T cells that are presented with a peptide in the absence of costimulatory signals become refractory to further stimulation with the antigen and are therefore inactivated); and the development of regulatory T cells, which can actively suppress antigen - specific responses following re-challenge with the antigen.

When TLRs are triggered by lipopolysaccharides, oral Langerhans cells upregulate expression of coinhibitory molecules B7 - H1 and B7 - H3, whereas expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 (B7 - 2) is decreased.

Upregulation of costimulatory molecules induced by lipopolysaccharide and double - stranded RNA occurs by Trif - dependent and Trif - independent pathways.

The role of costimulatory signals in T cell induction was evaluated in mice lacking the interleukin - 2 (IL - 2) gene.

Formation of the costimulatory axis was already known to be important for a full immune response, but the present findings propel this axis to the foreground as a key bottleneck.

Not exact matches

Thus, transport of peptide — MHC II complexes by DCs not only accomplishes transfer from late endocytic compartments to the plasma membrane, but does so in a manner that selectively concentrates TCR ligands and costimulatory molecules for T cell contact.

Insight into this mechanism led the researchers to design new peptides — snippets of the human B7 - 2 receptor protein — that powerfully block the binding of a superantigen to its costimulatory receptor targets, and thereby protect against lethal toxic shock, as they showed in animals.

Newly - discovered mechanism of action of the bacterial superantigen toxins: Superantigens bind to both B7 - 2 and CD28, the major costimulatory receptors expressed on human immune cells.

Because previous work in rats and monkeys has found that proteins that block the costimulatory signal can hold T cells at bay, Kim Olthoff, a transplant surgeon at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia, thought her team could achieve a targeted immune suppression by getting the transplanted organ itself — rather than proteins injected into the bloodstream — to block the costimulatory signal.

But before immune - system fighters called T cells will attack foreign tissue, they must first get a confirmation order of sorts: a costimulatory signal.

Single - cell differential gene expression analysis revealed a spectrum of known transcripts, including several linked to cytotoxic and costimulatory function that are expressed at higher levels in the TEMRA (effector memory T cells expressing CD45RA) subset, which is highly enriched for CD4 - CTLs, compared with CD4 + T cells in the central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) subsets.

B7h, a novel costimulatory homolog of B7.

Decreased expression of B7 costimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex class - I in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Costimulatory members of the TNFR family: Keys to Effective T cell immunity.

Initial studies demonstrated that ligation of 4 - 1BB on T cells could deliver costimulatory signals resulting in either increased proliferation or enhanced cytokine secretion and also control clonal expansion and differentiation of effector and memory T cells.

Costimulatory B7 - H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: Indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target.

The response of T cells can be controlled by costimulatory molecules present on APC that interact with co-receptors present on the T cell.

In 2002, his group was the first to report the design of «second - generation» CARs that, in addition to a binding domain outside of the T cell and a signaling domain inside, included a costimulatory domain designed to promote cell proliferation and survival.

Costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways together with metabolic pathways orchestrate the fate of lymphocytes after antigenic stimulation.

Dr. Freeman's laboratory focuses on the identification and function of T cell costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways in regulating T cell activation and application of this knowledge to the development of more effective immunotherapies for cancer, infections, asthma, and autoimmune diseases.

We are currently investigating the role of various T - cell costimulatory pathways in regulating the humoral and cellular responses to and between DENV and ZIKV, and are defining the particular pathways that should be targeted to maximize safety and efficacy of vaccines.

CpG stimulation of precursor B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia induces a distinct change in costimulatory molecule expression and shifts allogeneic T cells towards a Th1 response.