This can be done by presenting the immune system with weakened germs (polio in people, distemper in dogs), killed or inactivated germs (rabies for dogs, horses, and people, some Lyme disease vaccines for dogs); parts of germs (newer Lyme vaccines for dogs and Rabies vaccines for cats); or similar germs (early use
of cowpox to prevent smallpox in people, measles vaccine to prevent distemper in dogs).
Although now at the forefront of molecular technologies, vaccination has a history in the West going back at least 200 years (vacca - «cow» refers to Edward Jenner's use
of cowpox against smallpox).
The vaccine tested in Cape Town in 2013 was MVA 85A, a modification
of the cowpox vaccine designed to express a major protein of the TB bacterium.
Not exact matches
Today vaccines (vaccinia is Latin for «
cowpox»)
of all forms save 3 million lives per year worldwide, and at a bargain price.
Jenner scraped «matter» taken from a
cowpox sore on a dairymaid's hand into the skin
of 8 - year - old James Phipps, the son
of his occasional gardener, and then repeatedly tried to infect him with smallpox.
Jenner's strategy sounded simple: He inoculated an eight - year - old boy with pus scraped from the
cowpox blisters
of one
of those milkmaids and then inoculated the child six weeks later with matter from a fresh smallpox lesion to prove his hypothesis.
If you work on vaccines you know the story
of British physician Edward Jenner, whose observation that dairymaids infected with
cowpox made them resistant to the far more virulent smallpox virus led him to develop, in 1796, the first experimental vaccine.
Giving people
cowpox to prevent smallpox was an early form
of vaccination.