In the case
of the cyanobacterial mat - covered polygonal ponds on Bylot Island, the negative CO2 flux most likely resulted from high photosynthetic rates in the mats, and the modern dates for CH4 suggest that abundant labile compounds coming from a modern autochthonous pool could be the main C supply for microbial activity, including methanogenesis.
The net effects
of cyanobacterial blooming are ALL in the direction of cooling, particularly of the lower atmosphere viz:
The effects
of the cyanobacterial blooms include a higher cost for cities and local governments to treat their drinking water, as well as risk to swimmers in high concentration areas, and a nuisance to boaters when blooms form.
Not exact matches
To check out the bacteria's rock - building ability, Kurtz and Netoff inoculated samples
of sterilized sand with the
cyanobacterial cultures.
Long - term microfluidic tracking
of coccoid
cyanobacterial cells reveals robust control
of division timing.
Steven Wilhelm, Kenneth and Blaire Mossman Professor
of Microbiology, along with UT graduate students Joshua Stough and Lauren Krausfeldt, worked with a team
of 25 researchers to examine the physiological traits
of Microcystis, the
cyanobacterial organism responsible for scum - like algal blooms in Lake Erie.
Cyanobacterial clock proteins aren't exactly the same as the clock proteins
of animals or human clocks, but proteins serve as the cogs, gears and springs
of all circadian clockworks and the overall function
of the proteins is similar.
«With a warming climate, rising carbon dioxide levels, dams on more rivers than not, and overloading
of nutrients into our waterways, the magnitude and duration
of toxic
cyanobacterial blooms is only going to get worse.»
Enough
of such
cyanobacterial work over enough time and eventually you get the Bahamas, built out
of calcium carbonate.
Indeed, Chisholm and her colleagues showed that other, nonphotosynthetic bacteria can grow using the
cyanobacterial vesicles as their only source
of carbon.
Site - directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis
of RNA splicing were used to identify a base triple in the conserved core
of both a
cyanobacterial (Anabaena) and a eukaryotic (Tetrahymena) group I intron.
We have been able to express β -
cyanobacterial carboxysome shell proteins transiently in chloroplasts
of tobacco leaves.
Chloroplasts have their own genome, which is considerably reduced compared to that
of free - living cyanobacteria, but the parts that are still present show clear similarities with the
cyanobacterial genome.
Cyanobacterial cell lineage analysis
of the spatiotemporal hetR expression profile during heterocyst pattern formation in Anabaena sp..
Clusters
of ALS have been reported near
cyanobacterial bloom outbreaks in France, Japan, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin [23 — 27].
Dr. Anton Post is a microbiologist who specializes in the molecular ecology
of marine microorganisms with a focus on abundant
cyanobacterial species.
Some
cyanobacterial blooms can look like foam, scum, or mats on the surface
of fresh water lakes and ponds.
But as you may know, I am talking about the rising leading edges
of AOT plots which relate to early stage cloud formation (i.e. nucleation — presumably via DMS, isoprenes etc emitting by
cyanobacterial blooming).
Back on track, the marked trends towards widespread, increased oceanic
cyanobacterial growth in the last decade have
of course not gone unobserved.
(2) there is verifiable concurrent increasing
cyanobacterial productivity in these waters AND the emergence
of two strands (consortia)
of bacteria which bloom twice a year (unlike the SH below 30 S) thereby increasing the proportion
of the year in which the sea surface is affected.
Much
of the infrastructure and other investment could be (fairly) easily switched to «carbon - neutral» products: biowaste (e.g. azolla) for coal, bio-methane for natural gas, and
cyanobacterial oil for petroleum.
As carefully noted, it is the indirect biophysical effects (listed above)
of the trends towards widespread, increased oceanic
cyanobacterial growth which affect oceanic climate / weather.
If entering the «climate drivers equation» is now the increasing activity
of tropical (or extra-tropical) ocean
cyanobacterial productivity (driven by the CO2 fertilization effect including the effect
of the anthropogenic nitrogen discharges to coastal oceans), then what can we say about the strength
of future El Ninos and La Ninas and the predictability
of the PDO?
You know, for a little while there I even thought that Bob T himself (who is undoubtedly an interesting fellow) might even be sharp enough to appreciate that the coupling
of increased atmospheric CO2 and increased seawater N nutrient levels to produce enhanced
cyanobacterial productivity in near surface layers
of the oceans would also produce the weather - moderating effects listed above (particularly in the areas where tropical storms are «brewed»).
But consider this: if the cost
of PV / electrolytic or
cyanobacterial fuel (using environmental CO2) becomes competitive with current natural gas, an investment in such a plant is completely hedged, in terms
of being «green».
But pollution also covers hundreds
of chemicals which are fine or even beneficial at low levels but which if released in large quantities or in problematic circumstances cause «harm» — like phosphorus (grows your veges but also leads to toxic
cyanobacterial blooms which kill cattle), nitrogen (grows crops kills many native species
of plants and promotes weed growth costing farmers), copper (used as an oxygen carrier by gastropods but in high concentrations kills the life in sediments which feed fish), hormones like oestrogen (essential for regulating bodies but in high concentrations confuse reproductive cycles especially with marine life) or maybe molasses from a sugar mill (good for rum but when dumped into east coast estuaries used to cause oxygen sag in estuaries leading to massive fish kills).
These research results demonstrate the potential
of using
cyanobacterial catalyzed «whitings» as a method to sequester CO2 from the atmosphere.
This will allow immediate leverage
of the low cost
of natural gas, along with easy conversion to light oils (free
of «corrosive components») generated by
cyanobacterial processes (such as Joule Unlimited's), or methane from conversion
of solar / electrolytic hydrogen and atmospheric CO2 when either / both
of those processes become cost - competitive.