This year's lineup featured a diverse cast of sports cars, luxury SUVs and sedans, and conveyance appliances with price tags ranging from affordable to unobtainium, and engine outputs between putting and thundering from all manner
of cylinder layouts, aspiration configurations, and electrification applications.
Not exact matches
Sadly Ferrari too went to the more efficient V10
layout for 1996 and the unique sound
of a 12
cylinder engine was lost to F1 for good.
The M178 engine uses a «hot inside V»
layout, meaning both
of its turbochargers sit inside the valley formed by the two banks
of four
cylinders.
Between the host
of engine options — 5.0 - liter V - 8s, 5.2 - liter V - 8s, and the EcoBoost turbocharged 4 -
cylinder — and its rear - wheel drive
layout, the Ford Mustang makes for one
of the best packages to build around.
This is not only a clean - sheet design, it also employs a revolutionary
layout:
cylinder heads rotated 180 degrees to relocate the exhaust ports to the center
of the V and the intake ports to the heads» outboard flanks.
The UKL2 platform may mean the end
of the sweet - sounding straight - six engine in the top 1 - series, too, as a transverse engine
layout will almost certainly enforce a switch to a four -
cylinder, with twin turbos to boost its power output.
But while the 919 Hybrid runs a unique V4 engine, the unit being readied for the Boxster and Cayman will follow the lead
of Porsche's classic six -
cylinder with a 180 - degree horizontally opposed
layout as part
of a modular engine strategy.
The model is expected to feature a rear - wheel drive
layout, with a choice
of turbocharged four -
cylinder petrol and diesel engines, shared with the Sportage.
This unusually good balance
of performance and fuel consumption results from the fundamental design and
layout of the six -
cylinder combining BMW Twin Turbo Technology with High Precision Injection.
Features
of the diesel engines include a cast - iron block, aluminium alloy
cylinder head with double overhead camshafts, 16 - valve
layout and a bushes timing chain.
The airflow path through the engine uses a «hot - vee»
layout, where the exhaust manifolds and turbochargers are located between the
cylinder banks (on the «inside»
of the V8) and the intake manifolds are located on the outside
of the engine.
The
layout of a branch intake port inside the
cylinder head was chosen to have only one intake channel for two
cylinders.
A lightweight
cylinder head made
of pressure - cast aluminum alloy uses front - located exhaust ports that provide greater freedom in the
layout of the close - coupled catalytic converter which mounts directly to the
cylinder head.
A further advantage
of the
layout is the short distance between the
cylinders» combustion chambers and the primary catalytic converters; this leads to quicker warm - up
of the catalysts after the engine is started and therefore lower start - up emissions.
Honda determined the engine
layout after examining a variety
of engine types from numerous perspectives and decided on an in - line, 700cc, 2 -
cylinder engine with a 62 ° forward lean (
cylinder assembly angle).
In contrast to the previous engine, the
cylinder head has a «rotated valve star»
layout; each
of the two camshafts actuates one intake valve and one exhaust valve per
cylinder.
It gets the same front - drive
layout and engines as the shorter, five - seat Active Tourer, which includes BMW's three -
cylinder 1.5 - litre petrol and diesel engines in the shape
of the 218i, including its hybrid option, and 216d respectively.
The majority
of the future engine line - up is also based on the same
layout of 500cc per
cylinder.
The engine with near identical figures for bore and stroke (3.48 / 3.5 in or 88.3 / 89 mm) was
of almost square
layout and with a capacity
of 6.6 litres, direct fuel injection and 4 valves per
cylinder an impressive power was to be expected.
At the center
of the 4.2 L Twin Turbo V - 8 is a «hot V» configuration that transposes the conventional
layout of the
cylinder heads» intake and exhaust systems to mount the turbochargers at the top
of the engine — in the valley between the heads — to virtually eliminate turbo lag and reduce the engine's overall packaging size.
Despite the addition
of a multi-link
layout, the engine is therefore as compact as a conventional 2.0 - liter four -
cylinder engine.
The 1973 oil crisis nearly killed Citroen, which had purchased Maserati in 1968, while the early 1990s saw the Chubasco mid-engined sports car cancelled due to financial issues and the introduction
of front - engined, six -
cylinder cars, a rather awkward
layout for the brand.
The design copied that
of the V - 12
layout, but had four more
cylinders added and an array
of modifications.
By the time the model roll - out is complete in January 2018, JLRA will be offering 25 new Discovery variants across five different specification grades with the choice
of three different turbo - diesel engines — including two four -
cylinder engines for the first time since the 1990s — plus five - or seven - seat
layouts.
Part
of GM's 5th - generation Small Block engine family, the engine displaces 6.2 liters, has eight
cylinders in a «V»
layout, and features a purpose - built supercharger.
The 4 valves per
cylinder of the Double Over Head Camshaft
layout ensures low pressure drop and super-efficient valve lift for a higher air filling; thus allowing the engine to make usable power at low end, mid-range and high - end rev bands.
Like their diesel counterparts, the CLS» six -
cylinder petrol engines use a straight - six
layout in place
of the V6 favoured by previous generations.
As in all Subarus, the Impreza runs an unusual horizontally opposed four -
cylinder engine with two
cylinders to the right and two to the left — kind
of a Trump - Clinton
layout, I guess.
The
layout is similar: the electric motor is integrated into the housing
of the standard automatic transmission and sits behind a longitudinally installed four -
cylinder direct - injection turbocharged engine with a displacement
of two liters — 184 hp and 290 Nm in the BMW, 211 hp and 350 Nm in the Mercedes.
All engines feature a new central turbo
layout inside the
cylinder V, resulting in more compact dimensions which in turn allows the power plants to be installed in a deeper position inside the vehicle — with the obvious benefits
of a lower center
of gravity and improved handling characteristics.
As a consequence, the follow - up model to the existing M2 (itself to be updated in 2018 with the introduction
of a new limited - volume Competition model packing the turbocharged 3.0 - litre inline six -
cylinder engine from the M3 and M4, with a claimed 400bhp) will also continue with a rear - wheel drive
layout.
And speaking
of Sport, Cherokee's entry model comes delivered in 2WD
layout with an inline - four
cylinder for just $ 22,995.
The engine has a «hot V» configuration that Caddy says «transposes the conventional
layout of the
cylinder heads» intake and exhaust systems to mount the turbos to the top
of the engine.»
Combining the design and
layout of the six -
cylinder engine using BMW Twin Turbo Technology and High Precision Injection, the qualities
of direct injection allow for very precise delivery
of fuel and a clean combustion process.
The 6.3 - liter engine block boasts an especially rigid bedplate acting as the overall support
of the main bearings (similar to a one - piece set
of main bearing caps), cast - in steel reinforcements and a sturdy closed - deck
layout in the
cylinder head area.
The advantages
of this
layout: the eight -
cylinder engine has more compact dimensions, which allow the low installation position as well as optimum weight distribution between the front and rear axles.
Handling is unique to each type
of vehicle such as cars, rally cars, trucks, land rovers and more besides as a truck or land rover feels heavier and takes longer to steer into or brake for corners in comparison to 4 wheel drive or rear wheel drive cars that are lighter or have a better horsepower, engine size and more
cylinders in the engine that individually and collectively affects the handling
of every car to such an extent in which it becomes a necessary measure to experiment in finding the appropriate car or vehicle for each track and respective track
layout.