Sentences with phrase «of daily precipitation»

These studies did not take into account the increasing variability of daily precipitation, such that rain - fed yields are probably overestimated.

In a study of maize irrigation in Illinois under profit - maximising conditions, it was found that a 25 % decrease of annual precipitation had the same effect on irrigation profitability as a 15 % decrease combined with a doubling of the standard deviation of daily precipitation (Eheart and Tornil, 1999).

Climatology of Daily Precipitation and Extreme Precipitation Events in the Northeast US (Journal of Hydrometeorology)

IPCC projections do not show obvious threshold behavior this century (12), but they do agree that sulfate aerosols would dampen the strength of ISM precipitation, whereas increased greenhouse gases increase the interannual variability of daily precipitation (69).

We examine a range of climate extremes, comprising the 10th and 90th percentiles of daily maximum (TX) and minimum (TN) temperatures, the 90th percentile of daily precipitation (PR90), and the 27 core Climate Daily Extremes (CLIMDEX) indices.

The threshold for a «very wet day» is the locally - defined 95th percentile of daily precipitation sums.

The number of stations reflecting a locally significant increase in the proportion of total annual precipitation occurring in the upper five percentiles of daily precipitation totals outweighs the number of stations with significantly decreasing trends by more than 3 to 1 (Figure 2.36 c).

Groisman et al. (1999) developed a simple statistical model of the frequency of daily precipitation based on the gamma distribution.

Yearly maxima of the daily precipitation and wadi flow for varying return periods were compared for observed and projected data by fitting the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution function.

Emori, S., A. Hasegawa, T. Suzuki, and K. Dairaku, 2005: Validation, parameterization dependence and future projection of daily precipitation simulated with an atmospheric GCM.

Not exact matches

Maps of median TAE averaged across 23 model simulations for (a) and (b) mean surface air temperature, (c) and (d) highest daily maximum temperature, (e) and (f) lowest daily minimum temperature, (g) and (h) total precipitation, and (i), (j) maximum 1 - d precipitation for (a), (c), (e), (g) and (i) June - August and (b), (d), (f), (h) and (j) December - February.

They then used a crop model to simulate daily water requirements for various crops, driven by the researchers» modeled projections of precipitation and temperature, and compared these requirements with the amount of water predicted to be available for irrigation in a particular basin through the year 2050.

Six - hourly data fields for 2 m maximum temperature, minimum temperature, specific humidity, surface pressure, precipitation rate, water equivalent of actual snow depth and 10 m U and V wind components were summarized to daily data (Supplementary Table 2).

We employed 20 individual GCMs from the CMIP5 project for the Montana Climate Assessment ensemble, chosen because they provide daily outputs and a range of important climate variables.9 For this first Montana Climate Assessment, we are only using climate variables of temperature and precipitation (later assessment may evaluate other important variables such as wind and relative humidity).

Durman, C.F., et al., 2001: A comparison of extreme European daily precipitation simulated by a global model and regional climate model for present and future climates.

«We show that at the present - day warming of 0.85 °C about 18 % of the moderate daily precipitation extremes over land are attributable to the observed temperature increase since pre-industrial times, which in turn primarily results from human influence,» the research team said.

Results are fed into a precipitation - runoff model that is used to simulate severe daily river runoff events in England and Wales (proxy indicators of flood events).

Because of the limited availability of daily observations, however, most previous studies have examined only the potential detectability of changes in extreme precipitation through model — model comparisons (12 — 15).

However, because of the limited availability of daily observations, most studies to date have only examined the potential detectability of changes in precipitation through model - model comparisons.

In particular, the report authors predicted that with climate change there would be an increase in certain types of extreme weather, including daily high temperatures, heat waves, heavy precipitation and droughts, in some places.

I think a lot of the temperature data controversies could be addressed by examining agricultural journals, local farming newspapers, and similar sources, where daily temperature and precipitation data were published.

It should be remembered that in the early part of the 20th century, a large number (perhaps majority) of the sites recording daily temperatures and precipitation were farming communities.

To solve this problem I looked at three patterns of the 6558 day period, overlaid them at the daily weather data level, and plotted the resultant combined signal for Precipitation, and temperature patterns for the USA, extended that cyclic interpenetration for a six year period, and plotted out maps to show the repeating reoccurring patterns in the global circulation, as a (6 year long stretch, we are now ~ 40 months into the posted 6 years long) forecast for part of the current repeat of the 6558 day long cycle.

Figure 9.6: Maps show the increase in frequency of extreme daily precipitation events (a daily amount that now occurs just once in 20 years) by the later part of this century (2081 - 2100) compared to the latter part of the last century (1981 - 2000).

Evidence that extreme precipitation is increasing is based primarily on analysis1, 2,3 of hourly and daily precipitation observations from the U.S. Cooperative Observer Network, and is supported by observed increases in atmospheric water vapor.4 Recent publications have projected an increase in extreme precipitation events, 1,5 with some areas getting larger increases6 and some getting decreases.7, 2

Dr Vladimir Djurdjevic, from the South East European Virtual Climate Change Center (SEEVCCC, Serbia), presented the main activities and products developed by the SEEVCCC, which include the development of a Climate Monitoring Node with monthly and daily data used to prepare monthly analyses of precipitation and temperature anomalies of the previous months, a climate monitoring specific for the region.

Figure 2.19: Maps show the increase in frequency of extreme daily precipitation events (a daily amount that now occurs once in 20 years) by the later part of this century (2081 - 2100) compared to the later part of last century (1981 - 2000).

Yatagai, A., K. Kamiguchi, O. Arakawa, A. Hamada, N. Yasutomi, A. Kitoh (2012) APHRODITE: Constructing a Long - Term Daily Gridded Precipitation Dataset for Asia Based on a Dense Network of Rain Gauges.

''... the traditional dynamic downscaling (TDD)[i.e. without tuning) overestimates precipitation by 0.5 - 1.5 mm d - 1... The 2 - year return level of summer daily maximum temperature simulated by the TDD is underestimated by 2 - 6 °C over the central United States - Canada region».

Initial downscaled daily simulations of temperature and precipitation at 10 - km resolution are produced using bias correction constructed analogs with quantile mapping (BCCAQ).

This trend is driven by daily highs and lows, availability of water and heavy precipitation in a single day.

A summary of the report released in November predicts an increase in certain types of extreme weather, including daily high temperatures, heat waves, heavy precipitation and droughts, in some places.

Her study accounted for propagation of organized storms, and also included correct daily precipitation cycles across the U.S., neither of which are accurately represented in current climate models.

[20] In the US southern climatic region (which extends from Mississippi through Texas) the number of daily heavy precipitation events has increased by 25 percent over the long - term average, and tropical cyclones contributed 48 percent of that increase.

«We explore the daily evolution of tropical intraseasonal oscillations in satellite - observed tropospheric temperature, precipitation, radiative fluxes, and cloud properties.

In addition, climate change is very likely to lead to more frequent extreme heat events and daily precipitation extremes over most areas of North America, more frequent low snow years, and shifts towards earlier snowmelt runoff over much of the western US and Canada (high confidence).

The E-OBS holds gridded data for daily values of the precipitation amount, the daily mean - sea - level pressure and the daily maximum, mean and minimum temperatures from January 1950 onward.

In the quantification of the European - averaged temperature and precipitation, the areas where the station density is too sparse to make reliable estimates of daily temperature and precipitation are filled - in by the 1981 - 2010 climatology of the CRU TS 4.01 dataset from the Climatic Research Unit (University of East Anglia, UK).

Anomalous number of heavy precipitation days for 2017 (left) and maximum daily precipitation for 2017 (right) both relative to the annual value for the period 1981 - 2010.

The DHM data set includes daily flow data for 44 river gauging stations for the period 1964 - 2000, 258 daily precipitation records covering 1956 - 1996, 119 daily and monthly temperature records spanning the period 1934 - 1996, 114 records of average monthly humidity from 1967 - 1997, and 41 records with average monthly values of sunshine hours between 1967 - 1997...

Boberg, F., P. Berg, P. Thejll, W. J. Gutowski, and J. H. Christensen, 2009: Improved confidence in climate change projections of precipitation evaluated using daily statistics from the PRUDENCE ensemble.

tasmax — Maximum daily temperature near surface tasmin — Minimum daily temperature near surface rhsmax — Maximum daily relative humidity near surface rhsmin — Minimum daily relative humdity near surface huss — Average daily specific humidity near surface pr — Average daily precipitation amount at surface rsds - Average daily downward shortwave radiation at surface was — Average daily wind speed near surface uas — Average daily eastward component of wind near surface vas — Average daily northward component of wind near surface

Wet - day percentiles are conditionally computed for the subset of wet events (with precipitation exceeding some threshold, e.g. 1 mm / d for daily precipitation).

More than one - half of the stations showed a significant positive relationship at the daily time scale between warm nights (daily minimum temperature greater than the 90th percentile) or warm days (daily maximum temperature above the 90th percentile) and heavy - precipitation events (daily precipitation exceeding the 75th percentile), with the greater frequencies found for the east and southwest coasts during autumn and winter.

The simulations were evaluated using the spline - interpolated dataset ANUSPLIN, a daily observational gridded surface temperature and precipitation product with a nominal resolution of approximately 10 km.

Seven single - site statistical downscaling methods for daily temperature and precipitation, including four deterministic algorithms [analog model (ANM), quantile mapping with delta method extrapolation (QMD), cumulative distribution function transform (CDFt), and model - based recursive partitioning (MOB)-RSB- and three stochastic algorithms [generalized linear model (GLM), Conditional Density Estimation Network Creation and Evaluation (CaDENCE), and Statistical Downscaling Model — Decision Centric (SDSM — DC] are evaluated at nine stations located in the mountainous region of Iran's Midwest.

Specifically, we used a variety of linear and nonlinear methods such as artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees and ensembles, multiple linear regression, and k - nearest neighbors to generate present and future daily precipitation occurrences and amounts.

In particular, we evaluated statistically downscaled daily precipitation time series in terms of the Peirce skill score, mean absolute errors, and climate indices.

Specifically, this analysis is of the average of minimum and maximum daily temperature as well as precipitation totals.

«Since the weather prediction model simulated the frequency and timing of summer precipitation more reliably than the global model, its daily high temperature predictions for the future are also believed to be more accurate,» added co-author Leonard Druyan, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University.