Sentences with phrase «of damaged neurons»

Although glial activation may have short - term benefits, there is consensus that in the long - term, these cells may contribute to the pathology of damaged neurons in glaucoma.

Not exact matches

We know from cases of brain damage and the effects of psychoactive drugs, that our experiences are caused by physical chemistry acting on our physical neurons in our brains.

Although other neuronal cell types are affected, medium spiny neurons bear the brunt of the damage caused by Huntington's disease.

«While environmental enrichment didn't seem to significantly influence the number of neurons [that were damaged],» explains Tsai, «it does induce the growth of dendrites and high numbers of synapses,» both of which are neuronal structures that underlie how brain cells communicate with one another.

Mice with this eye disease, which damages the optic nerve and causes vision loss, have higher levels of the immune molecule, which accumulates at retinal synapses before the neurons die.

They discovered that the chemicals and radiation used to kill tumor cells damage the stem cell reservoir in the hippocampus and nearly halt the formation of new neurons in both children and adults.

Scientists believe these neural stem cells secrete hormonal steroids or proteins that nurse ailing neurons, preventing them from dying, and stimulate the formation of blood vessels that nourish damaged tissue with nutrients and oxygen.

In 2002 ethnobotanist Paul Cox from the Institute for Ethnobotany at the National Tropical Botanical Garden in Kalaheo, Hawaii, and neurologist Oliver Sacks from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City introduced a shocking theory about how Chamorros might be ingesting enough BMAA to damage neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Instead mice injected with stem cells developed a far greater number of synapses, or connections between neurons, at the damaged site than control mice did.

Six months after exposure, the researchers still found significant levels of brain inflammation and damage to neurons.

ALD, for instance, is caused by mutations in a gene called ABCD1, leading to unusually high levels of a type of fatty acid that damages the material insulating some neurons.

Glucocorticoids can damage neurons in the hippocampi of rodents and primates.

«Instead of cleaning up when neurons die, the microglia assume they're under attack when they see too much cell death and kill nerve cells as collateral damage,» says Tanzi, who led the research team.

The researchers caution, however, that it's not yet clear how closely the toxin - induced neural damage in rats mimics the state of diseased neurons in Parkinson's, especially because the mechanism that leads to such damage in humans remains unknown.

They then induced Parkinson's symptoms in laboratory rats by killing the rodents» dopamine - producing neurons with toxins, and injected the viruses into the damaged tissue of some of the animals.

In Alzheimer's disease, plaques of amyloid beta protein accumulate in the brain, damaging connections between neurons.

These results also suggest that damaged circuits can be restored only by using neurons of the same type as the damaged area.

Other researchers have shown that the ability of microglia to engulf dead neurons depends on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a ubiquitous energy source and signalling molecule that is released from damaged cells.

The results obtained by Afsaneh Gaillard's team and that Pierre Vanderhaeghen at the Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology show, for the first time, using mice, that pluripotent stem cells differentiated into cortical neurons make it possible to reestablish damaged adult cortical circuits, both neuroanatomically and functionally.

These stroke - related alterations in the cervical spinal cord indicate pervasive and long - lasting BSCB damage that would severely affect spinal cord function, wrote the researchers, adding that the widespread microvascular impairment in the gray and white matter of the cervical spinal cord aggravated motor neuron deterioration and had the potential to cause motor dysfunction.

The researchers found that mutant mice lacking Del - 1 had more severe attacks of the EAE than normal mice, with more damage to myelin, the fatty sheath that coats neurons and helps in the transmission of signals along the cell.

Using computer simulations, the authors succeeded in reconstructing the reorganization of the neurons in a way that conforms to experimental results from the visual cortex of mice and monkeys with damaged retinas.

The damage to the colonic neurons prevented the movement of food along the digestive tract, leading to an enlarged colon and disease.

«What we found is that, because of the lack of immune response (to the mesh electronics), which basically insulates neurons, we can deliver stimulation in a much more subtle way, using lower voltages that don't damage tissue.»

In a study led by Duke Health and published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, scientists demonstrate in rats that a short duration of the drug donepezil can reverse both structural and genetic damage that bouts of alcohol use causes in neurons, or nerve cells, in the young brain.

Understanding the coordinated development of motor neurons and glia may inform ways to prod stem cells into generating more glia after someone suffers an injury with nerve damage.

Oligodendrocyte death, occurring after a spinal cord injury, activates a process called de-myelination that results first in damage to surviving neuronal connections and finally in death of the affected neurons.

Frontotemporal disorders are the result of damage to neurons in parts of the brain called the frontal and temporal lobes, gradually leading to behavioral symptoms or language and emotional disorders.

Liu and her colleagues discovered that the storage of lipid droplets in glia protects neurons from damage as long as the free radicals do not destroy the lipid droplets.

Such cells could be grown into new neurons for treating people who have suffered some form of brain damage,...

Edgerton says the current might have reactivated damaged neurons or caused new neurons to grow across the site of the injury, or both.

In examining autopsy samples from MS patients, the researchers detected an abundance of amyloids in brain lesions and damaged neurons, the hallmarks of the disease.

Scientists have found that a plant pigment called quercetin — found in some fruits, vegetables, herbs and grains — could help to prevent the damage to nerves associated with the childhood form of motor neuron disease.

Although the cause of PD is unknown, damage to dopamine - producing neurons eventually leads to the movement disorders that are a hallmark of the disease.

The 28 per cent of participants with persistent tinnitus also showed heightened sensitivity to loud sounds, indicating that the neurons that transmit sounds to the brain may have been damaged, said Roberts.

Most damage is to the motor neurons of the brain affecting coordination and muscle strength.

Over activation of p38 MAPK damages the synapses and alters the normal functioning of neurons, impairing communication.

Damage to the olfactory receptor neurons because of a respiratory infection, a head injury or a neurodegenerative disease can disrupt the brain's ability to process different smells.

But it also damages neurons that don't lie directly in its path, because it is trailed by a pressure wave that transfers the energy of bullet into the surrounding brain tissue.

«This solves a long - running mystery of how a gene mutation damages the neurons that carry information from the spinal cord to our muscles, resulting in a range of sensory and movement problems,» says Samuel Pfaff, a neuroscience professor at the Salk Institute and one of the senior authors on the paper with Xiang - Lei Yang, a professor at TSRI.

Unlike peripheral nerves, which re-sprout axons when they are damaged, mature spinal neurons do not regrow axons in the part of the body where the injury has occurred — such as when the spinal cord is cut or crushed — which results in paralysis below the injury.

The study, «Facilitation of axon regeneration by enhancing mitochondrial transport and rescuing energy deficits,» which has been published in The Journal of Cell Biology, suggests potential new strategies to stimulate the regrowth of human neurons damaged by injury or disease.

A small animal study suggests that high doses of the virus, called adeno - associated virus 9, can cause severe liver and neuron damage in young monkeys and pigs.

This defective mutant gene causes production of a toxic protein that progressively accumulates and damages the patient's neurons.

It does, however, damage the ends of neurons, called dendrites, which makes it difficult for neurons to relay messages to one another.

Previous models of ALS demonstrated that neurons sustain damage when stressed, because Hsp70 levels do not rise to corresponding levels.

The impact can trigger a cascade of cellular reactions that further damage the brain and neurons, potentially leading to long - term cognitive impairments.

These problems are caused by a type of white blood cells called T cells that, after becoming activated, find their way into the brain and attack the protective covering — myelin — of neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation and damage to the central nervous system.

The team injected about 2000 mouse embryonic stem cells each into the brains of 25 rats who had previously had their dopamine - producing neurons damaged, which causes a characteristic tendency to move in circles.

The ability of scientists to convert human skin cells into other cell types, such as neurons, has the potential to enhance understanding of disease and lead to finding new ways to heal damaged tissues and organs, a field called regenerative medicine.