«Both during encoding and retrieval
of declarative memories there is an interaction between these areas mediated through gamma and theta oscillations.
Evidence from brain imaging underscores the importance
of declarative memory for compensation.
But because skilled performance, like playing music or flying airplanes, requires much more than mere muscle memory, and because this patient retained it despite losing most other aspects
of her declarative memory, researchers conclude this type of skill - related declarative knowledge is different.
Not exact matches
Many
of the same molecules have been implicated in both
declarative and nondeclarative
memory and in species as varied as sea slugs, fruit flies, and rodents, suggesting that the molecular machinery for
memory has been widely conserved.
Given
declarative memory's powerful role in learning, one might expect it to help individuals acquire all kinds
of compensatory strategies — as long as it remains functional.
First, therapists can make greater use
of techniques that rely on
declarative memory, such as approaches that employ explicit knowledge.
The findings support a theory
of language acquisition that suggests that some parts
of language are learned through procedural
memory, while others are learned through
declarative memory.
Whereas other
memory systems are more specialized — helping us learn movements or recall emotional events, for instance —
declarative memory absorbs and retains a much broader range
of knowledge.
Under this theory,
declarative memory, which stores knowledge and facts, would be more useful for learning vocabulary and certain rules
of grammar.
This explains the mystery
of the remembered pinprick: Claparède's patient lacked the ability to form
declarative memories, but she had a functioning amygdala that kept the
memory alive, albeit unconsciously.
There are systems devoted to explicit or
declarative memories, like your childhood recollection
of that pet python, and systems devoted to procedural
memories that usually involve physical movement, like learning how to ride a bicycle.
Replay appears to be the brain's primary method
of consolidating
declarative memory, she notes: «This replay stimulates a transfer
of the
memories back to the neocortex where they are stored for the long term.»
And while de Waal agrees with the researchers that the dogs must be using
declarative memory to do this type
of imitation, Hare and others are less certain.
«The slow oscillations probably drive a replay
of recently encoded
memories in the hippocampus, where the
declarative memories are temporarily stored,» Marshall says, referring to the type
of memory used to recall facts and events consciously.
Decades
of research and clinical observations have established that
declarative memory, the ability to remember recently experienced facts and events, depends on the hippocampus and associated structures in the medial temporal lobe, including the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortexes.1
Here, we asked whether application
of microstimulation targeted to the entorhinal afferents into hippocampus could enhance
declarative memory function in humans.
Scott Herrick - «The effect
of hippocampal lesions on spatial and non-spatial
declarative memory tasks in rats» (Advisor: S. Ramus)
Procedural
memories are those that involve motor and perceptual skills, while
declarative memories are those that involve the memorization
of facts.
However,
declarative memory, the hippocampus - dependent
memory of facts and events, demands more than abilities to retain information.
In addition, we have recently shown that ANS activity during sleep is associated with
memory consolidation
of both repeated (
declarative) and primed (non-
declarative)
memories (Whitehurst, Cellini, McDevitt, Duggan, & Mednick, 2016).
There are different types
of memories: Long - term
declarative memories, which H.M. could no longer form; short - term
memories which H.M. still possessed to a degree; and motor
memories, such as recalling how to ride a bike, which H.M. never lost.
Prior research by the same researchers on the effects
of glucose and caffeine consumption showed improvements in
declarative memory and attention span with no significant alteration
of the subjective state
of the individuals.
And while there is still uncertainty and under - researched proof that dogs have
declarative memories, if you've ever trained a dog or seen one «sit» or «stay» years after they learned how, it's pretty clear that they possess some form
of implicit
memories.
Structural and functional abnormalities in the anterior thalamic radiation have been associated with deficits in executive functions specifically related to
declarative memory, such as the use
of strategies during
memory retrieval (Van der Werf et al. 2003).