Sentences with phrase «of deep ocean»

The sea is not only warming, leading to higher stratification and thus lower ventilation of the deep ocean, it also is becoming more acidic.

Accurate monitoring of deep ocean floor water temperatures is, in my opinion, the only way to really get a read on total heat content of the oceans.

Take the deep oceans: the estimated flow of 100 GtC between deep oceans (38,000 GtC) and upper oceans is only 0.26 % of the deep ocean carbon mass.

b) needs about 21 GtC extra inflow (without outflow) of deep ocean CO2, to reach the observed less decrease in d13C than calculated.

In addition, measurements of deep ocean temperature rises, which enable estimates of how fast heat and carbon dioxide are removed from the atmosphere and transferred to the ocean depths, imply lower transfer rates than previously estimated.

«Skinner at all then argue that the oceans transmitted the signal from the warming North (Milancovitch) to the South (by shutting down the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)-- heat remains in the Southern Hemisphere, which would melt sea - ice, which leads to more mixing / upwelling of the deep ocean as the ocean is not «protected» by sea - ice anymore).

«a) for whatever feedback mechanisms appear to have increased flow of heat from atmosphere to deep to reverse themselves, or b) for some mechanism of the deep ocean seeking its own lowest energy to assert itself by losing heat net upwards, eventually to the atmosphere.»

Raising the temperature of deep ocean is a very slow process.

Perhaps Judith ought have said, «Central to the arguments [coming from The Team] related to... [Until they have a better data and / or understanding of the «transfer» and «reappearance» of deep ocean heat transference, this seems life more hopeful conjecture than science.»

Near surface ocean must be participant in this faster warming, temperatures of the deep ocean are not essential in that.

New results reported by the National Oceanography Centre suggest that 38 percent of deep ocean life in the North Atlantic could be lost over the next century due to a reduction of plant and animal life in the upper levels of the oceans that feed deep - sea life.

But it did skip lightly over the issue of deep ocean warming, so thanks — many thanks — for picking up where The Economist left off.

Low - oxygen bottom waters mean that the microbial population of the deep ocean is limited in its ability to oxidise photsynthetically produced organic matter back to CO2; thus the sediments accumulate a higher proportion of organic matter.

What did they think 60 years ago about the rate of deep ocean circulation, was anything said about what they thought on temperature changes in the abyss?

The millennial (500 — 2000 year) time scale of deep ocean ventilation aects the time scale for natural CO2 change, thus the time 20 scale for paleo global climate, ice sheet and sea level changes.

[20] The highest estimates (e.g. 3 × 1018 m3)[21] were based on the assumption that fully dense clathrates could litter the entire floor of the deep ocean.

I thought we had such complete coverage of the deep ocean that we had found the missing heat there?

@GaryM: I thought we had such complete coverage of the deep ocean that we had found the missing heat there?

He cites Levitus et al. (2012) to argue that the «hiatus» really isn't a pause in warming, but just a shift to warming of the deep ocean.

Temperatures of deep ocean constrain, over the long run, surface temperatures.

The size of the deep ocean reservoir is big enough that it could buy us a few decades.

We use isotope data from Zachos et al. [4], which are improved over data used in our earlier study [5], and we improve our prescription for separating the effects of deep ocean temperature and ice volume in the oxygen isotope record as well as our prescription for relating deep ocean temperature to surface air temperature.

Gasson et al. [7] plot regional (New Jersey) sea level (their fig. 14) against the deep ocean temperature inferred from the magnesium / calcium ratio (Mg / Ca) of deep ocean foraminifera [62], finding evidence for a nonlinear sea - level response to temperature roughly consistent with the modelling of de Boer et al. [46].

This Pliocene warming is an amplification by a factor of 2.5 of the deep ocean temperature change.

The temperature of the deep ocean is irrelevant and caused by something else entirely.

As I recall, you (Pekka) had also mentioned the exchange rate between the upper ocean and the immense CO2 reservoir of the deep ocean.

The above discussion doesn't tell about the role of deep ocean.

On an earlier thread I made a back - of - envelope calculation that, for the deep ocean to «suck» all the heat down from the surface, so that the sea surface layer and troposphere were nowhere more than 3C, the mean temperature of the deep ocean would need to increase only 0.4 C. Maybe someone could check this.

These measurements could allow climatologists to determine the role of the solar and radiative forcings on the increase in heat content of the late 20th century relative to that of the deep ocean circulation.

The effect of the deep ocean is to lengthen the time for re-adjustment and also make the approach to the new radiative balance more non-exponential.

But for some reason we see various individuals, including sadly at least one climate scientist (Judith Curry: «Evidence of deep ocean cooling?

8 global circulation of deep ocean currents transports warm water to colder areas & cold water to warmer areas efficient heat - transport system drives Earth's climate

This also limits the quantification of the contribution of deep ocean warming to sea level rise.

This is particularly true for a long term response to CO2 forcing, because of the major role of the deep ocean (down to 4000 meters and even below) in long term heat storage needed for equilibrium.

Because of the vastness of the deep ocean, most of the heat from long term forcing will eventually be stored there, but the process take centuries to approach equilibrium asymptotically.

In Lab 6A, you learned that the ocean's biological pump sequesters large amounts of carbon dioxide in shell - building organisms that eventually die, sink and become part of deep ocean sediments for very long time scales - thousands to millions of years.

I think that there are good reasons to think that a persitent warming of deep ocean has been going on since tha last ice age and continuing now.

(1) Using physics: Palmer et at (2001) Importance of the deep ocean for estimating decadal changes in Earth's radiation balance, in GRL Vol 38, L13707, doi: 10.1029 / 2011GL047835 (2) Using observations: von Schuckmann et al (2001) How well can we derive Global Ocean Indicators from Argo data?

L. D. Keigwin, W. B. Curry, S. J. Lehman, S. Johnsen, «The role of the deep ocean in North Atlantic climate change between 70 and 130 kyr ago,» Nature 371:323 - 326 (22 September 1994).

The accessibility of deep ocean heat to the climate system tells us that the equilibration time relevant to multidecadal climate sensitivity estimates is longer than an interval based on upper ocean measurements, and so sensitivity will be underestimated if only the shorter interval is used.

(Three of the 13 models we examined cooled most of deep ocean since 1955, despite increasing energy input from above.

If we stopped generating CO2 emissions today, the rate at which the oceans would return their excess CO2 into the atmosphere is governed by the overturning rate of the deep ocean, which as I said is roughly 500-1000 years.

Changes in the heat content of the deep ocean are thus far more sensitive to the air - sea thermal interchanges than previously considered.

The whole issue of heat diffusing from the surface to the deep ocean is a boundary value problem, in which values at each boundary (the heat input at the top, and the temperature of the deep ocean) are fixed, and used to calculate what happens in between.

those warmer ocean molecules will stage a simultaneous break - out of their deep ocean prison and immediately flash - fry humanity with an +0.16 ° increase?

The many benefits of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) include: small seasonal and daily variations in availability, benign environmental performance and by - products in a family of deep ocean water applications, for example food (aquaculture and agriculture) and potable water, and improving economics as a result of higher oil prices.

It may have its origin with the 800 year overturning of deep ocean waters from the polar sink places to the equatortial upwelling places.

The millennial (500-2000 year) time scale of deep ocean ventilation affects the time scale for natural CO2 change and thus the time scale for paleo global climate, ice sheet, and sea level changes, but this paleo millennial time scale should not be misinterpreted as the time scale for ice sheet response to a rapid large human - made climate forcing.

ensure that natural gas leases are only available for tracts on the outer Continental Shelf that are wholly within 100 miles of the coastline within an area withdrawn from disposition by leasing on the day after the date of enactment of the Deep Ocean Energy Resources Act of 2008;

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, from and after the enactment of the Deep Ocean Energy Resources Act of 2008, prior to January 1, 2022, no area of the outer Continental Shelf located in the Gulf of Mexico east of the military mission line may be offered for leasing for oil and gas or natural gas unless a waiver is issued by the Secretary of Defense.