Climate modeling groups have also been experimenting with ways to use the predictability
of deeper ocean circulations (where internal variations can persist for up to a decade), but results have been mixed at best.
Scientists believe that the different pattern
of deep ocean circulation was responsible for the elevated temperatures 3 million years ago when the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere was arguably what it is now and the temperature was 4 degree Fahrenheit higher.
An unprecedented analysis of North Pacific ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years has found that sea ice formation in coastal regions is a key driver
of deep ocean circulation, influencing climate on regional and global scales.
Recent research at Reading University and elsewhere indicates a slowing
of a deep ocean circulation system in the North Atlantic, known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation.
These measurements could allow climatologists to determine the role of the solar and radiative forcings on the increase in heat content of the late 20th century relative to
that of the deep ocean circulation.
What did they think 60 years ago about the rate
of deep ocean circulation, was anything said about what they thought on temperature changes in the abyss?
Not exact matches
That wind - driven
circulation change leads to cooler
ocean temperatures on the surface
of the eastern Pacific, and more heat being mixed in and stored in the western Pacific down to about 300 meters (984 feet)
deep, said England.
«I never considered that weather events tens
of kilometers high in the atmosphere significantly influence the decadal - to century - scale
circulation kilometers
deep into the
ocean,» says climatologist Judah Cohen
of Atmospheric and Environmental Research in Lexington, Massachusetts, who did not take part in this study.
«We argue that it was the establishment
of the modern
deep ocean circulation — the
ocean conveyor — about 2.7 million years ago, and not a major change in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere that triggered an expansion
of the ice sheets in the northern hemisphere,» says Stella Woodard, lead author and a post-doctoral researcher in the Department
of Marine and Coastal Sciences.
Real - world data back the claim: Accumulations
of calcium carbonate in
deep - sea Pacific sediments show that the Pliocene
ocean experienced huge shifts at the time, with waters churning all the way from the surface down to about three kilometers
deep, as would be expected from a conveyor belt — type
circulation.
Climate changes that began ~ 17,700 years ago included a sudden poleward shift in westerly winds encircling Antarctica with corresponding changes in sea ice extent,
ocean circulation, and ventilation
of the
deep ocean.
It takes centuries for that heat to work its way into the
deeper ocean, changing the
circulation and removing the sea ice, which is a big part
of this process,» he said.
«These conditions will cause changes in phytoplankton growth and
ocean circulation around Antarctica, with the net effect
of transferring nutrients from the upper
ocean to the
deep ocean,» said lead author J. Keith Moore, UCI professor
of Earth system science.
A new study has found that turbulent mixing in the
deep waters
of the Southern
Ocean, which has a profound effect on global ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind sp
Ocean, which has a profound effect on global
ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind sp
ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength
of surface eddies — the
ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind sp
ocean equivalent
of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind speeds.
The Southern
Ocean plays a pivotal role in the global overturning
circulation, a system
of surface and
deep currents linking all
oceans and one
of the fundamental determinants
of the planet's climate.
In the North Atlantic, more heat has been retained at
deep levels as a result
of changes to both the
ocean and atmospheric
circulations, which have led to the winter atmosphere extracting less heat from the
ocean.
Its measurements
of ocean saltiness will also help scientists understand how changes in salinity affect the
deep currents that drive
ocean circulation.
Known as the Antarctic Bottom Waters (AABW), these
deep, cold waters play a critical role in regulating
circulation, temperature, and availability
of oxygen and nutrients throughout the world's
oceans.
«The weaker overturning
circulation brings less naturally CO2 - rich
deep waters to the surface, which limits how much
of that gas in the
deep ocean escapes to the atmosphere.
Isn't the main problem that, even if we stopped adding any fossil - fuel - derived CO2 to the atmosphere, the
ocean circulations haven't yet reached «steady state» — i.e., a stable thermocline and
deep ocean temperature — and therefore THAT is the source
of the Hansen et al. «heat in the pipeline»?
The
deep circulation that drives warm surface waters north is weakening, leading to a cooling
of the north Atlantic relative to the rest
of the
oceans.
The thermohaline
circulation of the global
ocean is controlled in part by freshwater inputs to northern seas that regulate the strength
of North Atlantic
Deep Water formation by reducing surface seawater density.
Researchers carry out innovative basic and applied research programs in coral reef biology, ecology, and geology; fish biology, ecology, and conservation; shark and billfish ecology; fisheries science;
deep - sea organismal biology and ecology; invertebrate and vertebrate genomics, genetics, molecular ecology, and evolution; microbiology; biodiversity; observation and modeling
of large - scale
ocean circulation, coastal dynamics, and
ocean atmosphere coupling; benthic habitat mapping; biodiversity; histology; and calcification.
There is also a contribution
of excess atmospheric CO2 absorption introduced to
deep - water masses from dense, cold CO2 - rich surface waters at downwelling sites (e.g., North Atlantic), which then move through the
oceans via meridional overturning
circulation.
Presently, much
of the Atlantic
Ocean is well oxygenated (Figure 1) relative to the North Indian and Pacific Oceans, where bottom water O2 concentrations are lower because of the biological removal of O2 as thermohaline circulation moves deep waters across ocean basins from the North and South Atlantic towards the North Pacific, in isolation from the surface o
Ocean is well oxygenated (Figure 1) relative to the North Indian and Pacific
Oceans, where bottom water O2 concentrations are lower because
of the biological removal
of O2 as thermohaline
circulation moves
deep waters across
ocean basins from the North and South Atlantic towards the North Pacific, in isolation from the surface o
ocean basins from the North and South Atlantic towards the North Pacific, in isolation from the surface
oceanocean.
Reduced Atlantic
Ocean overturning
circulation will initially lead to lower O2 levels at the
deep seafloor, and may alter the intensity
of Pacific and Indian
Ocean OMZs (Schmittner et al., 2007).
For years, perhaps decades, Gray has been ascribing all sorts
of climate changes and hurricane cycles to fluctuations in the Thermohaline
Circulation (THC), an overturning circulation in the Atlantic ocean associated with formation of deep water in the Nort
Circulation (THC), an overturning
circulation in the Atlantic ocean associated with formation of deep water in the Nort
circulation in the Atlantic
ocean associated with formation
of deep water in the North Atlantic.
His areas
of expertise are paleoceanography
of surface and
deep -
ocean circulation using micropaleontological and geochemical tracers; planktonic foraminiferal ecology and paleoecology; and paleoclimatology from cave deposits.
The best simple answer I've seen is basically that you have to go to a 2 - box model
of Earth, with warm tropics and cold poles, and then realize that thanks to the thermohaline
circulation the
deep oceans are coupled almost exclusively to the polar regions, and so are in the «cold» box and not the warm one or some average
of them.
Partly this has to do with changes in
ocean circulation taking warmer water
deeper and partly as the result
of the southern hemisphere having less land mass and more
ocean — where the
ocean has a higher thermal inertia, meaning that it takes longer for those waters to warm.
... not intended to suggest that the heat capacity exchange / transfer / transport rates used are a realistic representation
of actual
ocean circulation, although from what little I know, it could be a step in that general direction from using one upper and one
deep ocean reservoir.
If somehow and I can't possibly imagine how, there was a huge increase in
circulation between the surface and the
deeper layers
of the
ocean, that would be disastrous for global temperatures but not upwards but downwards!
The structure
of the
ocean circulation basically anchors this region to something like pre-industrial temperatures, at least until
deep bottom water originating in the North Atlantic also warms.
Is the heat transportation to the
deeper 700m
ocean due to vertical mixing or change
of general
circulation??
It's what drives the atmospheric
circulation and the
ocean currents that mix the upper warm layers
of the
ocean with the
deeper colder layers, and vice versa.
There is so little understanding about how the
ocean parses its response to forcings by 1) suppressing (local convective scale)
deep water formation where excessive warming patterns are changed, 2) enhancing (local convective scale)
deep water formation where the changed excessive warming patterns are co-located with increased evaporation and increased salinity, and 3) shifting favored
deep water formation locations as a result
of a) shifted patterns
of enhanced warming, b) shifted patterns
of enhanced salinity and c) shifted patterns
of circulation which transport these enhanced
ocean features to critically altered destinations.
This
deep ocean warming in the model occurred during negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), an index of the mean state of the north and south Pacific Ocean, and was most likely in response to intensification of the wind - driven ocean circula
ocean warming in the model occurred during negative phases
of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), an index
of the mean state
of the north and south Pacific
Ocean, and was most likely in response to intensification of the wind - driven ocean circula
Ocean, and was most likely in response to intensification
of the wind - driven
ocean circula
ocean circulation.
This is a result
of a weaker wind - driven
ocean circulation, when a large decrease in heat transported to the
deep ocean allows the surface
ocean to warm quickly, and this in turn raises global surface temperatures.
Short - term variations in
ocean heat uptake, such as the anomalous
deep ocean warming
of late, are due to changes in the vertical & horizontal distribution
of heat in the
ocean — mostly the wind - driven
ocean circulation.
The
deep ocean and surface water don't overturn because
of differences in density, so the exchange is via global
circulation.
On the other hand, the AMO hypothesis asserts that natural changes in the
deep water
circulation of the Atlantic
Ocean drive hurricane season SST resulting in changes to both hurricane activity and GT.
The Scottish study, published in the journal Nature Geoscience, also found that the changes in
circulation resulted in a reduction
of the amount
of oxygen in the
deep ocean.
Scientists also think that the
circulation of heat from the top layers
of the
ocean, which have been most affected to date, to the
deeper oceans below may be another factor behind the «hiatus» in global warming.
http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/Includes/Documents/Publications/gray2012.pdf The Physical Flaws
of the Global Warming Theory and
Deep Ocean Circulation Changes as the Primary Climate Driver The water vapor, cloud, and condensation - evaporation assumptions within the conventional AGW theory and the (GCM) simulations are incorrectly designed to block too much infrared (IR) radiation to space.
The possible importance
of (forced or unforced) modes
of variability within the climate system, for instance related to the
deep ocean circulation, have also been highlighted (Bianchi and McCave, 1999; Duplessy et al., 2001; Marchal et al., 2002; Oppo et al., 2003).
In the North Atlantic
Ocean, variations in the ocean circulation affect the heat exchange to the deeper waters of the o
Ocean, variations in the
ocean circulation affect the heat exchange to the deeper waters of the o
ocean circulation affect the heat exchange to the
deeper waters
of the
oceanocean.
The researchers, from the University
of Southampton and the National Oceanography Centre
of Southampton, sought to investigate the long - term fate
of carbon that reaches the
deep ocean, employing an
ocean general
circulation model to conduct particle - tracking experiments.
I have read that land use impact on CO2 sink ability and
deep oceans circulation of CO2 rich water and calthrates, I believe they are called, also tend to release CO2 and reduce the Sink ability.
In recent years research tied the Bølling - Allerød warming to the release
of heat from warm waters originating from the
deep North Atlantic
Ocean, possibly triggered by a strengthening
of the Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation (AMOC) at the time.
The vertically integrated inventory
of human emitted CO2 in the
oceans is (not surprisingly) much greater in areas
of cold
deep convection, especially in the northern Atlantic (the falling leg
of the thermohaline
circulation), and much less in the tropics where the
ocean is strongly stratified; absorption in the tropics really is more in the near - surface waters.