(2) signed by an individual, or his parent, to the effect that he has been denied admission to or not permitted to continue in attendance at a public college by reason of race, color, religion, or national origin, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly achievement
of desegregation in public education, the Attorney General is authorized, after giving notice of such complaint to the appropriate school board or college authority and after certifying that he is satisfied that such board or authority has had a reasonable time to adjust the conditions alleged in such complaint, to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section, provided that nothing herein shall empower any official or court of the United States to issue any order seeking to achieve a racial balance in any school by requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another in order to achieve such racial balance, or otherwise enlarge the existing power of the court to insure compliance with constitutional standards.
(a) Whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint in writing signed by an individual to the effect that he is being deprived of or threatened with the loss of his right to the equal protection of the laws, on account of his race, color, religion, or national origin, by being denied equal utilization of any public facility which is owned, operated, or managed by or on behalf of any State or subdivision thereof, other than a public school or public college as defined in section 401 of title IV hereof, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly progress
of desegregation in public facilities, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section.
Prior to becoming a superintendent in Virginia, Anderson was assistant superintendent and director
of desegregation in the Rockwood School District in Missouri.
For the past nine months, Mr. Reville had served as metropolitan supervisor
of desegregation in Little Rock, Ark., where he crafted new student - assignment plans for the three districts involved in the case.
The department claimed that vouchers awarded in 2012 — 13 had impeded the process
of desegregation in 34 schools in 13 of Louisiana's school districts.
But in the Mississippi Delta, many rural schools are almost exclusively African American due to white flight to private schools in the wake
of desegregation in the 1960s.
For example, the AFT refused to charter segregated locals and filed an amicus brief in support
of desegregation in Brown v. Board of Education.
Evidence From the End
of Desegregation in Charlotte — Mecklenburg.»
The district argues that busing is no longer a viable means
of desegregation in the district, which is now 80 percent minority.
Not exact matches
In a tour de force that will likely be debated for decades to come, Souter focused on two cases: the Brown v. Board
of Education
desegregation case
of 1954, and the New York Times Co. v. United States Pentagon Papers case
of 1971.
Although Rev. Falwell was understandably trying to rehabilitate his moral credibility, his explanation confirmed that the tide
of public opinion
in the Southern white churches ran against
desegregation and interracial marriage.
While
desegregation must proceed on many fronts simultaneously,
in no segment
of life is it more crucial than
in education.
Racial
desegregation in the schools can not take place
in isolation but must be part
of a broad attack on bias
in many directions.
The most celebrated example
of Federal intervention
in state and local school affairs is the 1954 racial
desegregation decision
of the United States Supreme Court.
It is a big deal when as christians we should be leading the
desegregation of these social frontiers... I challenge all christians to seek fellowship w / churches
in your local area, that are predominantly
of different races.
In fact, social conservatives in the USA, led by Christian conservatives, have fought or disagreed with religious diversity, religious equality, abolition of slavery, Suffrage, desegregation, integrating the armed forces, Brown v Board of Education, mixed race marriages, respect and equality for Jews (not in MY country club
In fact, social conservatives
in the USA, led by Christian conservatives, have fought or disagreed with religious diversity, religious equality, abolition of slavery, Suffrage, desegregation, integrating the armed forces, Brown v Board of Education, mixed race marriages, respect and equality for Jews (not in MY country club
in the USA, led by Christian conservatives, have fought or disagreed with religious diversity, religious equality, abolition
of slavery, Suffrage,
desegregation, integrating the armed forces, Brown v Board
of Education, mixed race marriages, respect and equality for Jews (not
in MY country club
in MY country club!)
The negative effect on the mental health
of those segregated was basic
in the supreme court's milestone decision on public school
desegregation in 1954.
A psychiatrist who studied the effects
of the school
desegregation conflict on children
in the Deep South reports: «I have been struck by how clearly young Negro children foresee the bleak future
of their lives.
Therefore, they contended that a lower federal court
in Little Rock had no constitutional authority to order the
desegregation of public schools
in Arkansas on the basis
of the Brown decision.
Football was a backdrop for the
desegregation battles
of the 1960s, from the fight over James Meredith's enrollment at Ole Miss
in 1962 to the integration
of Alabama's football team (and Arkansas», and Texas») a few years later.
By virtue
of the team's watershed triumph, Texas Western and its coach, Don Haskins, were credited with setting
in motion the
desegregation of college basketball teams
in the South.
For example, Dwight Eisenhower sent military troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to enforce Brown v. Board
of Education, which was a legal decision mandating
desegregation nationally (although it was determined based on conditions
in Topeka, Kansas).
He's also
in favor
of free tuition to CUNY colleges for low - and middle - income students, smaller class sizes
in the city's public schools, and
desegregation of the school system, which he noted is the «third most segregated
in the nation.»
He points out that Cuomo himself lives
in one the neighborhoods,
in Mt. Kisco, that the federal government contends is
in violation
of the
desegregation order.
School
desegregation reduced the impact
of a geographic catchment area within a larger school district, but it also led to «white flight» to suburban schools and parochial schools (i.e. church run schools, often Catholic
in Northern cities and historically white Evangelical protestant
in the South).
And he points out that Cuomo himself lives
in one the neighbor hoods,
in Mount Kisco, that the federal government contends is
in violation
of the
desegregation order.
Prior to that,
in 1976, Buffalo teachers went on strike during the first phase
of a court - ordered
desegregation program.
In recent weeks, Mayor Bill de Blasio's policies have run up against an age - old forces of inertia and resistance in the city, especially one that springs forth in policy debates on everything from housing to bike lanes to school desegregation and even closing down Rikers Island jail
In recent weeks, Mayor Bill de Blasio's policies have run up against an age - old forces
of inertia and resistance
in the city, especially one that springs forth in policy debates on everything from housing to bike lanes to school desegregation and even closing down Rikers Island jail
in the city, especially one that springs forth
in policy debates on everything from housing to bike lanes to school desegregation and even closing down Rikers Island jail
in policy debates on everything from housing to bike lanes to school
desegregation and even closing down Rikers Island jails.
His father, who had studied chemistry but switched to law after World War II, helped draft guidelines for school
desegregation in the 1960s that were adopted by the federal government
in its enforcement
of the Civil Rights Act
of 1964.
The third
in a series
of reports spanning nearly three decades shows a continuing advance
in the support
of desegregation by U.S. whites.
In the most recent episode
of This American Life, Nikole Hannah - Jones tells the story
of a school district that accidentally launched a
desegregation program.
This was a basic finding from my interviews with adult graduates
of Boston's voluntary city - suburban school
desegregation program, METCO (recounted
in The Other Boston Busing Story, Yale University Press, 2001).
Residents started leaving the historically white, blue - collar Belmont neighborhood
in the 1970s with Dayton's adoption
of busing for
desegregation.
When he showed that white flight to suburbia accelerated
in the wake
of central - city
desegregation, the president
of the American Sociological Association called for his censure or expulsion from the association for spreading «flammable propaganda.»
Although some research finds that such benefits exist, the available data have not permitted researchers to confirm the causal effects
of desegregation on nonacademic benefits for the same reasons that it is difficult to produce convincing findings on academic benefits: the nonrandom sorting
of students among school environments and the real possibility that forced busing may produce effects very different from those
of living
in a racially or socioeconomically mixed community.
The study, «Resegregation and Equity
in Oklahoma City,» authored by Jennifer Jellison
of the Harvard Project on School
Desegregation, examined the assumptions underlying the Supreme Court's 1991 Oklahoma City - based Dowell decision, a landmark decision that for the first time sanctioned a return to segregated schooling by stating that districts may be released from a desegregation order if they had met certai
Desegregation, examined the assumptions underlying the Supreme Court's 1991 Oklahoma City - based Dowell decision, a landmark decision that for the first time sanctioned a return to segregated schooling by stating that districts may be released from a
desegregation order if they had met certai
desegregation order if they had met certain conditions.
SE:
In his seminal 1972 study titled Inequality, the Harvard - based sociologist and statistician Christopher Jencks wrote, «The case for or against desegregation should not be argued in terms of academic achievemen
In his seminal 1972 study titled Inequality, the Harvard - based sociologist and statistician Christopher Jencks wrote, «The case for or against
desegregation should not be argued
in terms of academic achievemen
in terms
of academic achievement.
The history
of magnet schools goes back to districts addressing the issues with
desegregation in the 1960s.
Evidence on the achievement effects
of desegregation by income is limited by both an absence
of detailed information on family income (including indicators for severe poverty or high income) and the difficulty
in separating the effects
of students» own circumstances from the influences
of peers.
The U.S. Court
of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, acting
in a case that has been closely monitored across the nation, has upheld a federal district judge's order freezing $ 47.5 - million
in Education Department funds pending the Reagan Administration's payment
of desegregation aid to Chicago's schools.
An income
desegregation program that involves all students may avoid the concentration
of children with fewer family resources
in particular schools.
And
in another case that has gained widespread attention, the U.S. Court
of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit last week refused to delay implementation
of a voluntary student -
desegregation plan involving public schools
in St. Louis and its suburbs.
After a long - running legal suit, Austin's schools had been decreed «unitary»
in 1986, and as was typical after such a release from
desegregation requirements, a modest degree
of integration had unraveled.
In the focus groups we ran, people often discussed the downsides of desegregation — the biggest of which is lack of belongingness, especially for students of color who, in many desegregated schools, do not get welcomed in the same way, or get access to the same experience as white student
In the focus groups we ran, people often discussed the downsides
of desegregation — the biggest
of which is lack
of belongingness, especially for students
of color who,
in many desegregated schools, do not get welcomed in the same way, or get access to the same experience as white student
in many desegregated schools, do not get welcomed
in the same way, or get access to the same experience as white student
in the same way, or get access to the same experience as white students.
Nearly 58 years after Brown v. Board
of Education,
desegregation policies seem to be moving
in the wrong direction, write the authors
of Integrating Schools
in a Changing Society.
In the highly successful movie «The Great Debaters,» starring Denzel Washington, a student was defending her argument for the
desegregation of schools.
After greatly increasing
desegregation of public schools a generation ago, the United States public education system is now steadily consolidating a trend toward racial resegregation that began
in the late 1980s, according to a new study by The Civil Rights Project and researchers at the Harvard Graduate School
of Education.
The study, «Resegregation and Equity
in Oklahoma City,» authored by Jennifer Jellison
of the Harvard Project on School
Desegregation, examined the assumptions underlying the Supreme Court's 1991 Oklahoma City - based Dowell decision, a landmark decision that for the first time...
The findings set the stage for furthering
desegregation efforts —
in particular, court - ordered busing
of students
in an attempt to increase the diversity
of city schools.
Some argue that
desegregation is no longer necessary
in today's society, while others fear a return to the days
of separate and decidedly unequal education.»