The maximum daily dose
of diclofenac — a prescription pain reliever — was the most effective treatment for pain and disability, the new study showed.
Investigators conducted a 5 - week effectiveness study
of diclofenac topical gel, an NSAID, in 44 patients with knee OA (i.e., arthritis caused by a breakdown of the lining of the joints).
But the introduction
of diclofenac could turn the dumps into a threat, Margalida notes.
After India imposed a ban on veterinary forms
of diclofenac, for example, drug companies there started selling an extra-large dose, ostensibly for human use, that was the same as the dose used on cattle.
Studies in India, Pakistan, and Nepal have found extensive evidence
of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic, in dead vultures.
Eventually, governments in the region moved to save vultures by banning veterinary uses
of diclofenac.
In Nepal, undercover pharmacy checks have shown a dramatic decline in the availability
of diclofenac since the nation's only zone was created in 2012, with none found inside the zone since 2014.
Not exact matches
Risk factors include: 1) age (most people are diagnosed in their 20s - 30s), 2) race or ethnicity (Caucasians have the highest risk, but IBD can occur in any race; there's an even higher risk if you are
of Ashkenazi Jewish descent), 3) family history (risk is higher if a close relative has the disease), 4) cigarette smoking (the most important controllable risk factor for developing CD), 5) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (includes ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin IB, others], naproxen sodium [Aleve],
diclofenac sodium [Voltaren], and others), and 6) where you live (you are more likely to develop IBD if you live in an industrialized country).
Because
of this highly gregarious feeding behavior, less than one percent
of cattle carcasses contaminated with
diclofenac could account for the steep vulture decline.
Alam is worried, however, by signs that the use
of problematic alternatives to
diclofenac, such as ketoprofen, is on the rise — even within safety zones.
A 2004 study estimated that
diclofenac contamination
of as few as one in 760 cow carcasses is enough to drive down vulture numbers.
But several
of the most common alternatives to
diclofenac — including ketoprofen, aceclofenac, and nimesulide — are also toxic to vultures.
In Spain, the authors
of today's letter are urging the Spanish government to rescind
diclofenac's approval for veterinary use under «the precautionary principle, which was recognized as a fundamental element
of environmental policy at the Rio Conference
of 1992.»
In 2003, researchers fingered
diclofenac as the cause
of the sudden and widespread disappearance
of three
of India's most common vultures: the white - backed, the slender - billed, and the Indian vulture.
Also, the anti-inflammatory drug
diclofenac bioaccumulates in fish, but its impact is unclear, said Diana Aga, a chemistry professor and researcher at the University
of Buffalo who studies emerging chemicals in the Great Lakes.
Future papers will address the potential anti-cancer uses
of nitroglycerin (used to treat angina), itraconazole (a common anti-fungal),
diclofenac (an over-the-counter painkiller), and clarithromycin (an antibiotic).
Examples
of drugs identified as high - potential agents within the Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO) project include mebendazole, cimetidine, nitroglycerin,
diclofenac and clarithromycin, among others [3].
«Regardless
of dose, the prescription drug
diclofenac is the most effective drug among painkillers in terms
of improving pain and function in osteoarthritis,» said lead researcher Dr. Sven Trelle.
«If you are thinking
of using a painkiller for osteoarthritis, you should consider
diclofenac,» Trelle said, but also keep in mind that like most NSAIDs the drug increases the risk for heart disease and death.
A published human trial
of BCM - 95 curcumin compared it to the prescription NSAID
diclofenac sodium in rheumatoid arthritis.
What is most remarkable about the more recent study is not that turmeric curcuminoids have potent anti-inflammatory properties — there are already hundreds
of studies confirming its COX - 2 reducing and otherwise anti-inflammary effects — but rather how much safer they are relative to NSAID drugs like
diclofenac, which like most pharmaceutical anti-inflammatory drugs have been linked to adverse health effects such as increased cardiac mortality, miscarriage and seizure.
In practical terms, the chance
of you hurting yourself with a drug like
diclofenac sodium — ironically, in an attempt to reduce pain — as compared to a simple kitchen spice like turmeric, is infinitely higher.
Both the curcumin and curcumin - plus -
diclofenac group experienced reductions in their erythrocyte sedimentation rate
of 11.2 and 13.3 percent respectively, while the group taking only the
diclofenac had a mere 8.3 percent reduction in sedimentation rate.
Indian vultures have suffered population declines
of 97 - 99 %, with the annual rate
of decline
of 16 % in the first part
of this century, all because
of exposure to the drug
diclofenac, given to farm animals to reduce joint pain and allow them to work longer.
As odd ad the word «
diclofenac» is, it was the even stranger name
of a similar drug that really made me wonder: «etoricoxib».