Sentences with phrase «of dinoflagellates»

Gavelis and colleagues studied two types of dinoflagellates: Polykrikos kofoidii and Nematodinium sp..

The production of light is thought to attract fish predators that prey on potential predators of the dinoflagellates.»

Further research would look at more species of dinoflagellates with extrusomes, attempting to obtain a better understanding of their diversity and evolutionary history.

«The stinging nematocysts of cnidarians closely resemble those of dinoflagellates, but the ballistic mechanisms are different and they don't appear to share any genes.»

Other widespread population buildups can be toxic — as in May when a bloom of dinoflagellates covered nearly 4,000 square miles off China with a so - called red tide that killed off millions of fish.

From her graduate study of dinoflagellates, Widder knew that an animal's first flash is the brightest and that to obtain clear readings, the creature must be stimulated and contained long enough to measure all the light given off.

Some of the lights were tiny: The flash of a dinoflagellate is just a tenth of a millionth of a watt and lasts but a tenth of a second.

Biophysicist Jian Sheng of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis and his colleagues studied toxic and non-toxic strains of a dinoflagellate species, found in Chesapeake Bay on the eastern US coast, called Karlodinium veneficum.

Most of the vibrant color probably comes from algae living in the single - celled bodies of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans.

The geographic area impacted by these blooms of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium expanded dramatically in 1972 as a result of Hurricane Carrie.

The species is an extinct form of dinoflagellate — a group of single - celled plankton, some of which today give rise to toxic blooms known as red tides.

We relate this sea ice minimum to the strong inflow of warm Atlantic Water as indicated by the contemporaneous prominent maxima in open - water phytoplankton biomarker concentrations (i.e., brassicasterol and HBI - III), total numbers of dinoflagellate cysts and — especially — the dinoflagellate species O. centrocarpum (Fig. 7d) as well as a prominent maximum in Atlantic - Water species of benthic foraminifers44.

This interpretation is further supported by the minimum of the total number of dinoflagellate cysts and peak concentrations of the dinoflagellate species Impagidinium pallidum (Fig. 7d), indicative of cold polar conditions and an extensive seasonal sea ice cover42.

These creatures are referred to as zooxanthellae and are a type of dinoflagellate.

Not exact matches

The Dino Sphere is an incredible, living object that's filled with thousands of non-toxic plankton organisms called Dinoflagellates.

Dinoflagellates eat these blooms and are then set upon by swarms of krill, which, in turn, are eaten by many larger animals, including baleen whales.

Sander Houben of Utrecht University in the Netherlands and colleagues studied fossilised dinoflagellates — a type of plankton — in sediment cores from the Antarctic seabed to find out how these changes affected marine life.

One possibility could be related to dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria found upstream in the catchment, which might be releasing toxins similar to those that cause red tides in marine environments, says Peter Ashton, a water resources specialist at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa and the University of Pretoria.

Stoecker says that there has been circumstantial evidence that dinoflagellates use their toxins to capture prey, but notes that Sheng's work is «pretty cool» because of the detailed visualizations and quantitative data.

Although many dinoflagellates can survive through photosynthesis alone, some species are able to grow twice as fast by preying on other algae — and it is this feeding mechanism that is now thought to be aided by the production of toxins.

Florida's coastline has frequent outbreaks of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, whose toxins can escape into the air and cause severe respiratory distress.

Although this may be bad news for the Baltic Sea and other areas plagued by this dinoflagellate, Kremp also noted that the short duration of most lab studies limits what we can know about how toxic algae may evolve over the next century.

To get a feel for what scientists are up against, start with the photos, a gallery of rogues that poison their enemies — such as the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense — or stab them to death — including a Chaetoceros species that plunges its serrated spines into the gills of fish.

Another possibility is that the toxins are simply a way for a diatom or dinoflagellate to store excess nutrients, such as carbon or nitrogen, rather than a stress response, says microbial ecologist William Cochlan of San Francisco State University.

He found that warm - water phytoplankton, known as dinoflagellates, were replaced during that time by species from the colder waters of the North Atlantic.

Out of the vast diversity of plankton in the oceans, the worst offenders are a few species of diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria, collectively called harmful algae.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the three main groups of large phytoplankton — diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophorids (those with coccolith shells)-- show that they can be arrestingly beautiful.

As a next step, the team aims to introduce genetic mutations that are capable of reversing uracil deficiency in the mutant dinoflagellate, which may provide clues for identifying algal genes responsible for symbiosis.

Strictly speaking, Pfiesteria is not an alga but belongs to a group of single - celled organisms called dinoflagellates.

That is how the dinoflagellates that cause toxic «red tides» spread round the globe, how Chinese mitten crabs reached Europe, how Asian kelp made it to southern Australia, and how Mediterranean mussels came to carpet the coast of South Africa.

In fact, structurally comparable weapons systems, called nematocysts as well, are found in a group of modern protozoans, the dinoflagellates.

Whereas the acceleration of cnidarian nematocysts is driven by high internal pressure, the dinoflagellates lack the necessary metabolic pathways.

In their analysis, the Heidelberg group, together with a group from the University of British Columbia in Canada, showed that the cnidaria and dinoflagellates use entirely different genes and proteins to construct their respective miniature harpoons.

The team speculates that the eye - like structures help warnowiids detect their dinoflagellate prey and send chemical messages to communicate with other parts of the cell.

warnowiids hunt other dinoflagellates, many of which are transparent.

Fluorescent or glowing proteins, which are substantial to molecular biology today, were developed from research interest in the phenomenon of glowing marine organisms, such as Aequorea aequorea (a jellyfish) or Noctiluca scintillans (a dinoflagellate).

The researchers ruled out dinoflagellates, copepods, and other plankton known for luminescence, but their samples were taken at a depth of about three yards.

The algae that form red tide in the Gulf of Mexico are dinoflagellates called Karenia brevis, or just Karenia by scientists.

Corals» sensitivity is a consequence of their evolutionary investment in symbiosis with the dinoflagellate alga, Symbiodinium.

Most of the time, the Pfiesteria dinoflagellate is a nontoxic predator that feeds on small organisms such as algae, bacteria, and small animals.

Single cell genomics of uncultured marine alveolates shows paraphyly of basal dinoflagellates — Jürgen F H Strassert, ISME

Dinoflagellates are primitive microorganisms that have characteristics of both plant and animal cells.

Spatiotemporal changes in the genetic diversity of harmful algal blooms caused by the toxic dinoflagellate

A bioluminescent bay is an ideal habitat for the flourishing of small dinoflagellate plankton, most of which emit a bluish light as a defense mechanism when agitated.

In Cayman, there are millions of single celled organisms called dinoflagellates that float in the sea, which when disturbed, emit a bright white light.

Sea cucumbers, which squirt when held (pictured, left); voracious sea stars, which push their stomachs out of their mouths to eat; tiny dinoflagellates that glow fluorescent when you churn the water.

These dinoflagellate blooms, which can be thought of as ancient red tides, are a sign of major environmental stress in the coastal zone possibly as a result of the increased runoff of water from the land.

d Numbers of total dinoflagellate cysts per gram sediment (green circles), concentration of sea - ice related dinoflagellate species Impagidinium pallidum in percent of total dinoflagellate cyst taxa (blue circles) and accumulation rates of Operculodinium centrocarpum (olive - colored graph) indicative of warm Atlantic Water inflow42.

In addition, high abundances of benthic foraminifers44 and dinoflagellate cysts42, 43 indicate MIS 5e (Fig. 7).

The proliferation of algae and dinoflagellates during these warming events could increase the number of people affected by toxins (such as ciguatera) due to the consumption of marine food sources (Union des Comores, 2002; see also Chapter 16, Section 16.4.5).