In finding that the applicant had not been discriminated against on the basis of sex or family status the Honourable Justice Johanne Trudel directed her attention to the four factors necessary to establish a prima facie case
of discrimination on the basis of family status.
Not exact matches
• You have the right to receive care provision free
of discrimination based on race, membership
of the traveller community, gender, marital
status,
family status, sexual orientation, religion, age or disability.
Article 11 (2) In order to prevent
discrimination against women
on the grounds
of marriage or maternity and to ensure their effective right to work, States Parties shall take appropriate measures: (a) To prohibit, subject to the imposition
of sanctions, dismissal
on the grounds
of pregnancy or maternity leave and
discrimination in dismissals
on the
basis of marital
status; (b) To introduce maternity leave with pay or with comparable social benefits without loss
of former employment, seniority or social allowances; (c) To encourage the provision
of necessary supporting social services to enable parents to combine
family obligations with work responsibilities and participation in public life
In accordance with Title VI
of the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 («Title VI»), Title IX
of the Education Amendments
of 1972 («Title IX»), Section 504
of the Rehabilitation Act
of 1973 («Section 504»), Title II
of the Americans with Disabilities Act
of 1990 («ADA»), and the Age
Discrimination Act
of 1975 («The Age Act»), applicants for admission and employment, students, parents, employees, sources
of referral
of applicants for admission and employment, and all unions or professional organizations holding collective bargaining or professional agreements with Capital City Public Charter School («Capital City») are hereby notified that Capital City Public Charter School does not discriminate
on the
basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital
status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, familial
status,
family responsibilities, political affiliation, source
of income, or disability in admission or access to, or treatment or employment in, its programs and activities.
Additionally, in order to ensure that students and
families feel safe
on their campuses, the schools do not collect any information about the immigration
statuses of students, and have enacted policies prohibiting
discrimination on the
basis of race and national origin («Commitment to Students»).
29 USC 2601,
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 This act entitles employees leave for reasonable medical reasons and prohibits employment discrimination based on family s
Family and Medical Leave Act
of 1993 This act entitles employees leave for reasonable medical reasons and prohibits employment
discrimination based on family s
family status.
In Ontario, the Human Rights Code protects the «right to equal treatment with respect to employment without
discrimination because
of race, ancestry, place
of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, record
of offences, marital
status,
family status or disability» and also protects against
discrimination based on the intersection
of multiple
of these grounds.
The Fair Housing Act is a Federal law that prohibits
discrimination based on a borrower's race, color, religion, gender, handicap, familial
status (
families with children) or national origin and applies to all aspects
of mortgage and home equity lending.
discrimination on the
basis of family status is the same test as is applicable to other grounds
of discrimination under the Act; however, the Court also held that the test is «flexible» and «contextual».
The Court concluded that in order to establish prima facie
discrimination on the
basis of family status, a claimant must show:
Applying the newly - articulated test to Ms. Johnstone, the Court upheld the Tribunal's conclusion that she had made out a case
of prima facie
discrimination on the
basis of family status.
In the context
of family status, the Court
of Appeal agreed with the lower court that «the childcare obligations arising in
discrimination claim [s]
based on family status must be one
of substance and the complainant must have tried to reconcile
family obligations with work obligations».
Discrimination: Irrespective of length of service, an employee may bring a claim for discriminatory dismissal or discrimination based on any one of the nine discriminatory grounds contrary to equality legislation (i.e., gender, civil status, family status, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, race (including colour, nationality and ethnic or national origin) and membership of the travell
Discrimination: Irrespective
of length
of service, an employee may bring a claim for discriminatory dismissal or
discrimination based on any one of the nine discriminatory grounds contrary to equality legislation (i.e., gender, civil status, family status, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, race (including colour, nationality and ethnic or national origin) and membership of the travell
discrimination based on any one
of the nine discriminatory grounds contrary to equality legislation (i.e., gender, civil
status,
family status, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, race (including colour, nationality and ethnic or national origin) and membership
of the traveller community).
As a result
of several workplace incidents, the complainant alleged that she had been subjected to
discrimination on the
basis of sex and
family status as well as sexual harassment.
Ms. Johnston claimed that CBSA had discriminated against her
on the
basis of «
family status», one the prohibited grounds
of discrimination under the CHRA.
The Court concluded that to make a case
of discrimination on the
basis of sex or
family status related to breastfeeding, proper evidence would be required.
Discrimination was alleged
on the
basis of gender,
family status and perceived disability.
For example, a young lone mother receiving social assistance who is looking for housing or employment might experience
discrimination based on her sex, age,
family status and receipt
of social assistance.
Denying time off may constitute
discrimination on the
basis of family status.
There are civil rights laws that limit this discretion in the case, for example,
of discrimination based on race, or
family status.
Arbitrators and other decision - makers have applied different approaches to establishing prima facie
discrimination on the
basis of family status.
Here, and without adopting all
of its reasoning, I can find no error in the Board's ultimate conclusion that Ms. Flatt was breastfeeding her child out
of a personal choice and that
discrimination on that
basis, if it was
discrimination, was
discrimination on the
basis of family status.
I need not further discuss the Board's analysis
of case law dealing with the question
of whether work requirements that impact an employee's breastfeeding schedule constitute
discrimination on the
basis of sex or
family status.
[33] It seems to me that to make a case
of discrimination on the
basis of sex or
family status related to breastfeeding, an applicant would have to provide proper evidence, foreseeably divulging confidential information.
Housing
discrimination occurs when someone is denied housing
based on his or her race, gender identity / sexual orientation, national origin, religion, children or
family status, disability, age, veteran
status, source
of income, and more.
Specifically, the Tribunal held that the test for
discrimination was the same in all cases and expressly rejected the
family status test set out by the Federal Court
of Appeal in Johnstone, which it viewed as creating a higher standard for
family status claims than cases
based on other forms
of discrimination.
The Court held that the Board further erred by attributing human rights protection to all
family - related leave permitted under the collective agreement, contrary to the Federal Court's earlier identification
of the following four factors to establish
discrimination on the
basis of family status related to
family responsibilities:
We do not discriminate nor tolerate
discrimination on the
basis of gender identity, ethnicity, colour, race, marital
status, sexual orientation, age,
family status, employment
status, faith or political opinion.
Cases such as this largely depend
on their particular facts, although the board did rely
on the principles set out by the Federal Court
of Appeal's Johnstone decision to determine whether there was a prima facie case
of discrimination based on family status.
The board found that «
discrimination on the
basis of breastfeeding, if it is
discrimination, is
discrimination on the
basis of family status rather than sex or gender.»
In light
of this decision, employers should be particularly careful not to take actions that could be interpreted as
discrimination based on family status, or else they may face costly awards against them.
There, in upholding a Canadian Border Services Agency worker's claim
based on a work schedule that conflicted with her childcare obligations, the Federal Court
of Appeal determined that to establish
discrimination on a prima facie
basis on the ground
of family status in relation to childcare, it would be necessary for an individual to show that:
In examining the case law
on family status, the Tribunal took issue with the existence
of a different test for
family discrimination (the Johnstone test) than the test for
discrimination on the
basis of other protected grounds.
Given that Botony breached its obligations, the Court considered what an appropriate remedy might be under the Human Rights Code, which prohibits employment - related
discrimination on the
basis of «
family status.»
Here are the answers to five
of employers» most frequently asked questions about workplace
discrimination on the
basis of family status.
Notably, in both cases, the Tribunal concluded the employee had not proven
discrimination on the
basis of family status.
While employees are not protected from general unfairness, where an employee believes that a negative decision was made, in whole or in part,
on the
basis of a «prohibited ground
of discrimination» (characteristics such as race, sex, sexual orientation, religious beliefs,
family status, criminal record, and social position), he or she may file a complaint.
These anti-
discrimination laws prohibit
discrimination based on many different personal characteristics, including: race, ancestry, place
of origin, ethnic origin, colour, citizenship, religion, creed, sex, sexual orientation, age, marital
status,
family status, and disability.
Courts and arbitrators have confirmed that the prohibited ground
of discrimination based on «
family status» includes
discrimination based on a parent's childcare obligations, so an employer is prohibited from discriminating against an employee
based on their childcare obligations.
But this — and potentially the test — changed in 2017: two Ontario Human Rights Tribunal decisions, Misetich v. Value Village Stores Inc. and subsequently Ananda v. Humber College Institute
of Technology & Advanced Learning, dealt with that issue — and flat - out rejected the notion that the test for establishing
discrimination on the
basis of family status differs from the test in the case
of any other protected ground for several reasons, including:
The Ontario Human Rights Code protects Ontarians from illegal
discrimination based on race, ancestry, place
of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, marital
status,
family status, disability or, in some situations, the receipt
of public assistance.
The CNR argued that CHRT had erred in finding that a case
of family status discrimination had been made out, in finding that the CNR had not met its duty to accommodate, and in awarding extra damages
based on CNR's reckless conduct.
Thus, Ms. Seeley's specific parental childcare obligations and CNR's response to her request for an extension to address possible options all resulted in prima facie
discrimination on the
basis of family status (Seeley at para 95).
Are work requirements that impact
on an employee's breastfeeding schedules
discrimination and, if so, are they
discrimination on the
basis of sex or
family status or both?
The CBSA must develop a plan to prevent further incidents
of discrimination based on family status and develop policies to specifically address
family status accommodation requests.
The grievor's representative submitted that employment policies or requirements that had an adverse impact
on a woman's decision to breastfeed her child could be considered
discrimination on the
basis of either or both sex or
family status.
It was
discrimination on the
basis of family status in that breastfeeding stemmed from a woman's
status as a parent with obligations and responsibilities with respect to the care and nourishment
of her child.
An update
on the recent decisions that address the complicated concepts
of discrimination and accommodation
on the
basis of pregnancy and
family status.
Work must cause a «serious interference» with a substantial
family duty for the employee to prove
discrimination on basis of family status [2]-RRB-.
Ontario has a similar test [4];
discrimination on the
basis of family status will be triggered when an employee demonstrates that the work arrangement conflicts with his or her ability to perform a required caregiver obligation.