Sentences with phrase «of distinct cell types»

The grand architecture of the human cortex, with its hundreds of distinct cell types, begins as a uniform layer of neural stem cells and builds itself from the inside out during several months of embryonic development.

Therefore, recovery from organ damage requires the replacement of a variety of distinct cell types.

Not exact matches

In the clearest possible case, the ANT - OAR cell would differ from a zygote on all of the parameters noted above: The ANT - OAR cell would have a pattern of gene expression that is clearly distinct from a zygote; it would generate a homogeneous population of cells rather than multiple cell types; it would undergo simple cleavage divisions and not produce any multicellular structures.

The mind, while not being an ontologically different type of individual than the cells, is numerically distinct from them, and can thus be thought to interact with them.

«Each area of the brain is different with distinct cell types and connectivity, so if we can confirm that one area of circuitry is more involved in a particular symptom than another, we may eventually be able to treat a depression patient more efficiently than treating everyone the same way.»

Two different types of dendritic cells in the immune system present antigen in different ways to elicit distinct immune responses.

The research team with international collaborators analysed more than 100 patient samples from ovarian and other cancer types to discover a distinct population of cells found in some tumours.

For us, the question in this study was, do exhausted cells represent a distinct type of T cell or are they merely a «groggy» version of functional T cells?»

In addition, many niches contain different stem cell types, each necessary to produce the distinct types of cells needed for tissue renewal.

As it turns out, the missing link was a previously unknown type of light - sensitive cell in the human eye, distinct from the familiar rods and cones that are responsible, respectively, for night and color vision.

The team modelled how the membrane changed, enabling LUCA's descendants to move to new, more challenging environments and evolve into two distinct types of single - celled organism, bacteria and archaea, creating the deepest branch of the tree of life.

She adds that it is also unclear why distinct patterns of these sites are observed in different cell types and under different drug treatments.

«Distinct wiring mode found in chandelier cells: Researchers identify the wiring process of a unique type of inhibitory cells implicated in several diseases.»

An analysis revealed three distinct types of cell phone users: low - use extroverts, low - use introverts and a high - use group.

Multipotency or multidifferentiative potential - the ability to generate progeny of several distinct cell types, for example both glial cells and neurons, opposed to unipotency - restriction to a single - cell type.

«Conversely, the necrotic part of the tumor is driven by a distinct set of glioma stem cells utilizing the BIM1 pathway and are characterized by a mesenchymal, inflammatory cell type dependent on glucose metabolism in the absence of oxygen.

In wild - type, retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and nuclear layers of rod and cone photoreceptors are distinct, and rod outer segment (OS) is observed at the outer-most layer of the retina.

The 10 - millimeter long robot is made up of four layers: tissue composed of live heart cells, two distinct types of specialized biomaterials for structural support, and flexible electrodes.

I think what we are seeing with this study is just the tip of the iceberg, where the process of protein production is probably quite different in distinct cell types.»

Monocytes, a distinct type of cell that is not usually in the brain in large numbers, are lit up red.

Simon's favorite approach is to examine the context of the cell - properties that make distinct cell types unique in their normal and cancerous states.

We generate high - resolution 3D models of the spatial organization of the genomes of distinct eukaryotic cell types in interphase to identify differences in the chromatin landscape.

Among the strengths of the study: instead of using just one method to deplete macrophages, the researchers used nine distinct methods to deplete different myeloid cells in various locations, allowing them to pinpoint the most important cell type and its primary location of action.

«We discovered what looked to us to be an entirely distinct type of cell,» says Steinman.

In the early 1970s, the immunology community was just beginning to coalesce around a model of immunity comprising two distinct types — one mediated by B cells and the other by T cells.

«It's fascinating that it's so complicated», says Gerard, «there is a code we don't yet understand that differs from tissue to tissue — the number of chemokines and cytokines is distinct in each tissue type and the types of cells that enter and exit the tumour also differ».

To replicate the cell interactions in the developing heart, the scientists developed a novel method of growing two distinct cell types together.

While previous studies had demonstrated a synergistic effect of BMP and LIF on the astrocytic differentiation of human neural stem cells [15], it remains unclear whether BMP and LIF induce distinct types of astrocytes and if so, what the functional properties of these astrocytes may be with respect to repairing CNS injuries.

Following up on findings from a an earlier genome - wide association study (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Latinos, researchers from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) traced an association detected in that study to variants in a specific gene, SLC16A11, and uncovered two distinct mechanisms by which those variants disrupt the gene's function in liver cells, possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of T2D.

Countering the prevailing theory that cellular hydrogen peroxide signaling is broad and non-specific, Whitehead Institute scientists have discovered that this reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fact triggers a distinct signal transduction cascade under control of the mitochondrial respiratory chain — the Syk pathway — that regulates transcription, translation, metabolism, and the cell cycle in diverse cell types.

The latter work addresses questions including whether infection with different serotypes is associated with distinct types of T cell responses, whether any HLA alleles are associated with pathogenesis or protection, and whether vaccination with a formulation in clinical trials is associated with T cell responses similar to those following infection that might serve as correlates of protection.

The generally held view of these processes is that neurotransmitter - induced modulation of the most widely expressed Ca2 + channels in these cells (N -, P / Q - and L - type) follows two distinct pathways: a direct membrane - delimited Gi / o - protein - induced inhibition of N - and P / Q - type and a remote cAMP - mediated facilitation of L - channels.

«Jekyll and Hyde» Protein Offers New Route to Cancer Drugs (09/27/2013) Researchers in Dr. Mark Bedford's lab collaborated on a study that identified distinct types of arginine methylation marks on E2F - 1, a protein with opposing roles in both cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Thus phenotypically «undifferentiated» cells may consist of a heterogeneous population of functionally distinct cell types.

We anticipate that different cell types will require a distinct cocktail of pluripotent factors, under specific timing and expression conditions.

As shown in Fig. 2B, the distinct morphologies of three types of PC3 clones were obvious at 2 weeks after single - cell plating.

At 13 weeks, two distinct CD68 - positive cell populations were observed, one type was small and non-pigmented (Fig. 8C) and the other consisted of large highly pigmented cells (Fig. 8 D).

By far the most popular use of scRNA - sequencing is to identify groups of cells which are similar to eachother and might correspond to functionally distinct cell types.

Slowing such overturning by reducing the horizontal differential heating could tend to allow heat to build up at lower levels until the lapse rate is more favorable to localized vertical overturning (LVO)(The two forms of overturning are not always completely distinct or separate; for example, the Hadley cell, Walker, and monsoon circulations, as well as extratropical storm track activity (developing from baroclinic instability (Rossby wave phenomena)-RRB- are driven and organized in part by horizontal differential heating, but in the ascending portions of these circulations, cumulus - type convection can occur).