Sentences with phrase «of dormant cells»

Specifically, they found that chemotherapy alone leads to two types of dormant cancer cells that are not killed outright and become resistant to additional chemotherapy, but when combined with immunotherapy, a majority of dormant cells also is destroyed.

Not exact matches

Such was the comfortable vista which, less than a century ago, began abruptly to change beneath our gaze, something in the fashion of those organic tissues in the living body which, after long remaining harmless and dormant, their cells apparently indistinguishable from those of the surrounding tissue, suddenly burst into dangerous growth.

Female mammals are born with millions of dormant eggs, but only a small fraction ever mature into cells with reproductive potential.

While it has long been gospel that cell membranes contain strong electric fields, researchers have generally assumed that 99.9 percent of a cell's volume was electrically dormant.

He suspects that transplanted cells are actually restoring the function of «dormant» photoreceptors.

When levels of arbitrium build up — after a large number of cells have died — phages stop killing off the remaining bacteria and retreat to lie dormant in bacterial genomes instead.

But that evidence, based on metabolic products and cell counts, is uncertain: It's possible that only a fraction of the bugs are active and the rest dormant.

We suspect that in precancerous cells many of these normally dormant origins are activated inappropriately,» notes David Shore, professor in the Department of Molecular Biology of the UNIGE.

The time needed for breast cancer metastases (secondary lesions caused by cells that have escaped from the original tumour) to develop varies between patients, and little is known about the mechanisms that govern latency (the dormant state of cells that have already spread through the body).

Nearly all of the cancer cells died as a result, but a residual population of tumor cells survived and became dormant.

They find that the cells can remain dormant during chemotherapy that kills off most of the cancer and can give rise to new tumors once the drug treatment stops.

Some scientists have blamed so - called cancer stem cells, a subset of cancer cells that might be able to remain dormant, evading chemotherapy or radiation treatments, only to form new tumors months or years later.

Then, they treated the dormant cells with a product of the immune system, they found that dormant cells were susceptible to immunotherapy, and that quiescent, but not indolent cancer cells, could not escape from immunotherapy.

By measuring for the presence of a molecule associated with cell division, the scientists determined that this residual population of dormant cancer cells consisted of an indolent as well as a quiescent population.

VLX600 is a mild inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, and we have found that dormant cancer cells have a limited possibility to compensate decreased mitochondrial function by increased glycolysis.

To test this idea, the researchers utilized two mouse models of human breast cancer metastasis and found dormant disseminated tumor cells residing upon the membrane microvasculature of lung, bone marrow and brain tissue.

Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have identified the microenvironment surrounding microvasculature — the small blood vessels that transport blood within tissues — as a niche where dormant cancer cells reside.

Given that breast cancer cells traveling through the bloodstream on their way to secondary sites where breast tumors metastasize most often — lung, bone marrow, brain and liver — must first pass through the basement membrane microvasculature, Ghajar and Bissell suspected that the basement membrane could be a major component of the dormant niche in distant organs.

The long - standing mystery behind dormant disseminated breast tumor cells and what activates them after years and even decades of latency may have been solved.

«These were delivered directly to the tumor site to change the molecular signature of the cancer cells, rendering the tumor dormant or eradicating it altogether.

«Dormant disseminated tumors can be ticking time bombs, but now that we know some of the triggers, it may be possible to develop therapies to ensure that disseminated cancer cells remain in a dormant state, or other therapies that eradicate these cells before they form full - blown metastases.Dormant disseminated tumors can be ticking time bombs, but now that we know some of the triggers, it may be possible to develop therapies to ensure that disseminated cancer cells remain in a dormant state, or other therapies that eradicate these cells before they form full - blown metastases.dormant state, or other therapies that eradicate these cells before they form full - blown metastases.»

However, unlike other toxin antitoxin pairs where the toxin makes the cell dormant and the antitoxin inactivates the toxin by binding, this system needs oxygen in the presence of the antitoxin to oxidize the toxin and wake up the bacteria.

Unlike the offspring of asexual reproduction, the fertilized cells have hard cell walls that allow them to lie dormant on the bottom of ponds as they dry out for the summer.

«Previously, we thought that all of the cells in the corneal endothelium were unable to divide, but we were surprised to find this small population of dormant stem cells capable of proliferating,» said principal investigator Ula Jurkunas, M.D., a corneal and refractive surgeon at Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School.

«These are not dormant cells — they divide once every six or seven weeks as opposed to every other day like the rest of the melanoma cells,» Herlyn explained.

The finding made intuitive sense; researchers studying other tissue types had shown that activating mTOR can drive dormant cells out of quiescence, a necessary step for regeneration.

They lie dormant and can not be eliminated by anti-retroviral therapy, nor by the weakened immune system, so that if treatment is stopped at any time, the virus starts to replicate and infect more cells again, while the immune system can not suppress this rebound of HIV infection.

HIV can lay low by inserting dormant copies of itself into the DNA of healthy cells.

This image shows how transferred genes activate the stem cell properties of normally dormant retinal cells.

They all sounded three sour notes: that they had cured only about half of their mice; that they did not know whether the mice had grown new islets or merely revived dormant ones; and that they had found no evidence that spleen cells had converted to beta cells.

It was thought, but until now not demonstrated, that inhibitors of immune check - points could, in a similar way, wake up dormant HIV - infected cells and also the immune defences against the virus.»

Over time, trauma to the vertebrae induces dormant cells to activate, and the tail will regenerate with an underlying tube of cartilage rather than separate vertebral bones.

He added: «Mycobacteria are incredibly resilient and can remain dormant for many years inside cells where they are exposed to significant levels of free radical damage designed to kill foreign «invaders.»

Now the team is investigating why some of the stem cells become dormant while others remain active.

One gene in the critical region of chromosome 1 encodes an enzyme called RNase L; the L stands for latent because in healthy cells the enzyme lies dormant.

The first reports that gene - editing of bone marrow stem cells in monkeys infected with a variant of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) significantly reduces the number of dormant «viral reservoirs» that pose a risk of reactivation.

His group has studied sequence - independent peptide binding in transporter systems and transcriptional regulators in Bacillus with a focus on the control and execution of the process of cell development leading to the formation of dormant spores.

Title: Estimating dormant and active hematopoietic stem cell kinetics through extensive modeling of bromodeoxyuridine label - retaining cell dynamics Authors: van der Wath RC, Wilson A, Laurenti E, Trumpp A, Liò P Date: 2009 Publication Details: PLoS One.

The gene remains completely dormant and harmless in a mouse's cell until it is «armed» by the activation of the key senescence gene, p16INK / 4a, which rarely occurs except in senescent cells.

Some of our next steps are to determine the biological process that causes cancer cells to express non-mutated, shared antigens, and the means by which dormant metastases escape immune elimination.

But even with treatment, the virus remains dormant within a small percentage of infected CD4 cells — and perhaps even within other types of cells — in a variety of tissues.

To eliminate HIV latency, scientists are exploring a «shock and kill» strategy that would use a combination of drugs to wake up the dormant virus, then act with the body's own immune system to eliminate the virus and kill infected cells.

LA JOLLA — Researchers at the Salk Institute have healed injured hearts of living mice by reactivating long dormant molecular machinery found in the animals» cells, a finding that could help pave...

ERK1 / 2 inhibition increases antiestrogen treatment efficacy by interfering with hypoxia - induced downregulation of ERalpha: a combination therapy potentially targeting hypoxic and dormant tumor cells

As the name suggests, one of the main topics on the agenda here was how researchers can gain a handle on understanding the dormant pools of HIV - infected cells that are collectively referred to as the reservoir.

In the chilly months of early spring, while neighboring competitors sit dormant, and before overhead trees come into leaf, the plant gets a jump - start on growth by pumping its cells full of water.

The satellite cells in your muscles, which are the dormant precursor cells in charge of repairing the damaged muscle tissue, are a key part of muscle hypertrophy.

After puberty, dormant female fat cells are activated by the release of oestrogen, leaving you with a healthy high teens body fat, centred around your hips to assist with fertility.

mTOR integrates signals from insulin, nutrients (amino acids or dietary protein) and the fuel gauge of the cell, AMPK (all energy including fats) to determine whether the cell should divide and grow, or involute and become dormant.

In a 2014 study conducted at UC Davis and published in Cell Stem Cell, prolonged fasting — periods of no food for two to four days at a time — induced immune system regeneration, shifting stem cells from dormant to self - renewing.