Sentences with phrase «of duration of breast feeding»

However, few studies have compared the effect of the duration of breast feeding in societies where almost all infants are breast fed for at least some weeks.

Not exact matches

Fluctuations in milk supply throughout the day and storage capacity of your breasts will also impact the frequency and duration of feedings.

A longer duration of breastfeeding — for example more than 12 months (and this can be over several babies) is more protective, even if you are breastfeeding at all and whether you are mixed feeding with some breast milk and some formula, your breast cancer risks are reduced.

Relationship of sudden infant death syndrome to breast - feeding duration and intensity.

Breastfeeding is also associated with maternal health outcomes.5 Shorter duration of lactation is associated with increased maternal breast cancer, 6 ovarian cancer, 7,8 hypertension, 9 — 11 type 2 diabetes mellitus, 9,12 and myocardial infarction (MI).9, 13 We estimate the burden of maternal disease that might be averted if more mothers were able to adhere to infant feeding recommendations, assuming a causal association between breastfeeding and maternal health.

[2][3] During the first few weeks of life babies may nurse roughly every two to three hours and the duration of a feeding is usually ten to fifteen minutes on each breast.

The influence of medroxyprogesterone on the duration of breast - feeding in mothers in an urban community.

5 - year experience],» An Esp Pediatr (Spain) 38, no. 1 (Jan 1993): 20 — 4 L.S. Adair et al., «The duration of breast - feeding: How is it affected by biological, sociodemographic, health sector, and food industry factor?»

Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants1, providing protection from morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases2 and chronic diseases later in life.3 Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended, starting within one hour of birth and for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding to 2 years of age and beyond.4 However, rates of initiation, exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration have fallen since the widespread introduction and promotion of breast - milk substitutes.5 Successful breastfeeding depends on a number of factors, including a re-normalisation of breastfeeding as the infant feeding method of choice through antenatal counselling and education and breastfeeding support to prevent and resolve breastfeeding difficulties.

Some mums find latching on more successful if they lean forwards slightly to bring the breast up to baby's mouth, and many need to hold their breast up with one hand for the duration of the feed.

The intake of such supplementary fluids is associated in young infants with an increased risk of disease and a shortening of the duration of breast - feeding.

Afterwards, the women received an educational booklet on the intervention, in Arabic and French, containing illustrations and information on: the benefits of breast milk, the importance of skin - to - skin contact immediately after birth, the importance of early breastfeeding and giving colostrum to the baby, the criteria of good positioning for corrective breast - taking, the signs of effective suckling, the signs of effective breastfeeding for the first six months, on - demand breastfeeding and its daily frequency, breastfeeding accessories, techniques for collecting and storing breast milk, and questions and answers about different maternal concerns (depression, hygiene, nipple pain, quantity of milk produced, duration and number of feedings, mixed feeding, diet to be followed during breastfeeding, mothers» illness and breastfeeding, weaning of the baby, etc..)

Secondary outcomes included the proportion of women giving any breast feeds, or bottle feeds at 4 months, the duration of any breastfeeding, time to introduction of bottle feeds, and satisfaction with breastfeeding at 6 weeks.

It has been shown that formula supplementation in the early postnatal period reduces the likelihood of subsequent exclusive breast feeding and overall duration of breast feeding.

If the goal is prolonging the exclusivity and duration of breast - feeding, according to Dr. Michael Kramer, a professor of pediatrics, epidemiology, and biostatistics at McGill University, some of the 10 steps are sounder than others.

Months since breast feeding cessation and duration of breast feeding were both significantly associated with diarrhoeal disease, but much of these effects were due to the inclusion of the currently breast fed and never breast fed infants; neither was statistically significant when these infants were omitted.

Our results suggest that the cumulative effect of breast feeding, as measured using duration, is less important for diarrhoeal disease than the time since breast feeding cessation.

Our main exposures were the following: (1) duration of any breastfeeding in months; (2) duration of exclusive breastfeeding in months, defined as feeding breast milk but no solid foods or non — breast milk liquids (except water) to age 6 months; and (3) breastfeeding status at age 6 months, categorized as «formula only, never breast fed,» «formula only, weaned,» «mixed formula and breast milk,» and «breast milk only, no formula.»

These include variability in the duration of breast - feeding, frequency of breast - feeding, use of supplemental formulas, recall of feeding practices, type of allergic disease being studied, and maternal atopic background.

Because the benefits of breastfeeding are, in most studies, shown to be dose dependent, increasing the amount of breast milk consumed by premature infants, either through extending duration or increasing the number of breast vs formula feeds, is an important contribution to their short - and long - term health.

When months of breast feeding was analysed as an ordinal variable, there was no evidence of a dose - response effect of breast feeding duration.

Counseling and motivational videotapes increase duration of breast - feeding in African - American WIC participants who initiate breast - feeding

There was no evidence of a dose - response effect for breast feeding duration but there was for time since breast feeding cessation, with the protective effect of breast feeding not persisting long after breast feeding had stopped.

2007 Breast - feeding increases sleep duration of new parents.

Ludvigsson et al (32) examined 8300 infants and demonstrated that the duration of exclusive breast - feeding was not associated with a lower risk of atopic dermatitis, even among infants with a family history of atopy.

Thus we examined whether the effect of breast feeding persisted beyond the period of breast feeding and whether duration was important.

The effect of postpartum lactation counseling on the duration of breast - feeding in low - income women

Two weeks before the Systematic Review was published, the Lucas study — which aimed to test a hypothesis that «duration of breast feeding is related to changes in vascular function relevant to the development of cardiovascular disease» — was published in the BMJ alongside 2 press releases and a leader article.

Prolactin is highest during night feedings, and we know that frequency of suckling at the breast seems to be more important in stopping ovulation than the duration of each feeding.

At each telephone contact, extensive information was gathered regarding infant feeding including breastfeeding frequency, duration, and maternal and infant problems; proportion of diet composed of breast milk; and timing of introduction and use of various supplemental foods and / or liquids.

There have been various recommendations about the duration, frequency and other guidelines of breast feeding.

3 - 4 month old babies need around 6 to 7 ounces of breast milk or formula milk per feeding; however, the amount should be limited to 32 ounces in duration of 24 hours.

Although professional lactation support can improve the duration of overall breast feeding, its effect in improving exclusive breast feeding is unclear.11 18 22 Thus far, studies that report improvement of rates of exclusive breastfeeding have involved mainly community based peer counselling strategies.23 24 25 Even then, a randomised trial in the UK recently cast doubt on the efficacy of this approach.26 There are current recommendations from NICE for the UK - wide implementation of the baby friendly initiative.4 5 6 The 2006 NICE costing report on routine postnatal care of women and their babies estimates that efforts to improve rates of breast feeding will result in substantial cost savings for the NHS.6

The initiative was introduced to the United Kingdom in 1993, but, although improvements have been reported, 3 rates of breast feeding in the UK are still among the lowest in the world.4 5 Recent reports from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) urge NHS units to become baby friendly to improve rates of breast feeding and save money.4 6 Data from the millennium cohort study, however, show that though participating maternity units in the UK increased rates of initiation of breastfeeding, duration did not increase.5 Other strategies are therefore required to support mothers in the UK to breast feed for the recommended time.

While antenatal education and counselling is helpful, 8 68 % of mothers said that early problems with breast feeding was the main reason they stopped nursing before two months postpartum.7 Other barriers were lack of knowledge about breast feeding and lack of support from health professionals.7 Women value being shown how to breast feed rather than being told how to.9 10 Evidence of effective interventions to improve exclusive breast feeding for the recommended duration of six months is sparse.

A randomised trial in Brazil that compared a hospital based protocol (similar to the baby friendly hospital initiative) with another incorporating intensive home visits, however, found that while the protocol achieved high rates of exclusive breast feeding in hospital, the rates fell rapidly thereafter.27 These findings were confirmed in the UK by the millennium cohort study, 5 and the authors recommended that the baby friendly hospital initiative as a strategy for promotion of breast feeding should be reassessed and that other strategies are required to support mothers in the UK to breast feed for the recommended duration.5 27 Although combined antenatal education and postnatal support is ideal, this may be limited by economic or time resources.

To investigate the effect of public hospitals in Hong Kong not accepting free infant formula from manufacturers on in - hospital formula supplementation rates and breast - feeding duration.

The recent NICE evidence into practice briefing on promotion of initiation and duration of breast feeding, 4 however, recommended that education and support should be targeted at women with low incomes to increase rates of exclusive breast feeding.

While there is evidence for the effectiveness of professional support in prolonging duration of breast feeding and increasing rates of initiation of breast feeding, the strength of its effect on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is unclear.11 12

Moreover, information on breast feeding was given prospectively and the examiners did not know the duration of breast feeding, nor were they aware of the hypothesis.

Instead we found that a shorter duration of breast feeding was associated with lower scores on mental developmental tests both at 13 months and at 5 years of age.

The psychomotor index did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.09), although there was a trend (p < 0.05) towards increasing scores with increasing duration of breast feeding.

Multivariate relation between wheezing lower respiratory illness at 1 year of age (hospital, doctor, or clinic visits or hospital admission) and duration of partial (any) breast feeding

The consultation recommended exclusive breast feeding for six months, with introduction of complementary foods and continued breast feeding thereafter.19 Given this recommendation, it is important that the role of exclusive, predominant, or any breast feeding duration in the prevention of childhood illness and infection is properly quantified and acknowledged.

Most previous studies have compared breast fed children with children who were exclusively formula fed, but some studies have found that the correlation between breast feeding and cognitive ability increases with a longer duration of breast feeding.3 13 30 A Finnish study of 1163 children found a mean difference of 2.4 points on a cognitive test at 6 months of age between children breast fed for less than five months, compared to children breast fed for at least five months.10

Multivariate relation between upper respiratory infections at 1 year of age (hospital, doctor, or clinic visits, and hospital admission) and duration of breast feeding

Under these otherwise favourable environmental conditions it may be questioned whether duration of breast feeding has any effect on cognitive development.

Maternal age and maternal Raven score were positively associated with duration of breast feeding (table 1).

Aim: To examine the relation between the duration of breast feeding and morbidity as a result of respiratory illness and infection in the first year of life.

Duration of breast feeding was classified into three categories based on whether the child was still breast fed at 3 or 6 months of age.