«This includes better health education, more affordable healthy food, avoidance
of tobacco and more affordable medication for hypertension and
dyslipidaemia.»
The outcome
of this maladaptation is a feedforward inflammatory response leading to a state
of unresolved inflammation and a collection
of metabolic pathologies, including insulin resistance, fatty liver, atherosclerosis and
dyslipidaemia.
One theory proposes that once the storage capacity
of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) depots is exceeded under conditions
of energy excess, either as a result
of impaired expandability and / or excessive hypertrophic growth, fat deposition within visceral depots and non-adipose tissues including the liver, skeletal muscle and pancreas can ensue.93 This can subsequently lead to the development
of systemic IR and a series
of associated cardiometabolic disorders including
dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension.3 Expression
of pro-inflammatory mediators including interleukins 1 (IL - 1), 6 (IL - 6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF - α) and resistin, are also increased which can further potentiate IR and promote atherosclerosis.