However, an unknown number
of dysplastic dogs» x-rays are never submitted to OFA so we suspect the actual frequency lies somewhere between the two.
The AKC is cooperating with OFA and the Morris Animal Foundation in a search for genetic markers in the chromosomes
of dysplastic dogs and their (probably) carrier relatives.
Not exact matches
No one can predict when or even if a
dysplastic dog will start showing clinical signs
of lameness due to pain.
If the
dog is older than two, they report that the
dog is either
dysplastic or not and, if not, how it rates in comparison with other
dogs of its breed.
Any breed or mix can be
dysplastic; however, there are almost no statistics regarding the incidence
of hip dysplasia in non-purebreds as these
dogs are seldom x-rayed.
If you look at the hip dysplasia statistics
of the Orthopedic Foundation
of America, hip X-rays
of 4000 Flat - Coats were evaluated and only 4 % were
dysplastic, which would be a good rate for this size
dog — except that the true rate is higher because most
of the obviously bad X-rays were not sent in for official evaluation.
Elbow X-rays: Recently, the
dog community has become aware that elbows are also at risk
of becoming
dysplastic.
The Orthopedic Foundation
of America evaluated the hip X-rays
of 12,500 Ridgebacks and found 5 %
dysplastic, which is a good rate for this size
dog.
Many
dog breeds are ailed by hip dysplasia, but only about 5 %
of Rhodesian Ridgebacks (taken from a sample
of 8,300
dogs) were found to be
dysplastic.
The Orthopedic Foundation
of America evaluated the hip X-rays
of 1100 American Eskimo
Dogs and found 9 %
dysplastic.
In the years
of 2011 - 2015, 6,221 bullmastiff
dogs were tested for hip dysplasia, and 25.4 %
of them were found to be
dysplastic.
Dr. Donald Patterson, chairman
of Medical Genetics at University
of PA School
of Veterinary Medicine, states that some
dogs with radiographically normal hips but a large number
of hidden dysplasia - producing genes, if mated together, will produce at least some
dysplastic offspring.
Some
dysplastic dogs show no signs
of the condition until their later years when muscle tone begins to deteriorate and arthritis becomes more prominent.
According to current research, the best way to prevent hip dysplasia is to screen
dogs and remove them from the breeding population if they have radiographic evidence
of dysplastic hips.
In the early - 1999 OFA elbow data, approximately 30 %
of the Bernese Mountain
Dogs were
dysplastic, 12 %
of the Golden Retrievers, over 20 %
of the German Shepherd
Dogs, 13 %
of the Labs, and 42 %
of the Rottweilers.
Certificates are issued only to those
dogs that are considered to be
dysplastic - free with ratings
of excellent, good or fair (a confidential consensus report is issued on
dogs found to be
dysplastic).
Of the 81
dogs evaluated, 64 % were
dysplastic.
The OFA evaluated the hip X-rays
of 21,000 Bernese Mountain
Dogs and found 16 %
dysplastic.
While the scientific community is actually divided on the actual clinical benefits
of providing
dogs with joint health supplements such as glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and methyl sulfonyl methane or MSM, many
dog owners are nonetheless providing these supplements to their
dogs with
dysplastic hip joints.
Reducing the body weight
of your
dog can do to help in its
dysplastic hips.
Any large breed
of dogs has a higher chance
of developing
dysplastic hips or elbows, but a good breeder will have had OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) certification done for both the sire and dam before considering breeding.
No amount
of x-rays can prevent bone and joint problems or change a
dog's genetic predisposition for luxating patellas (knees), and
dysplastic hips or elbows.
As with Orijen Original, there are very high levels
of glucosamine and chondroitin in this formula, so it's a great choice to provide support for an older
dog's arthritis or
dysplastic joints.
Breeders should provide registration numbers from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals to prove them free
of the disease even though
dogs with clear x-rays can produce
dysplastic offspring.
In stark contrast, nearly all St. Bernards are
dysplastic and the malady is incredibly common in numerous large breeds
of dogs; the same breeds
of dogs that develop other juvenile bone diseases, including OCD
of the shoulder and ununited anconeal or coronoid processes
of the elbow.
They call our attention to the fact that there are many
dogs (usually
of certain breeds) that do not develop DJD but are OFA - assessed as
dysplastic because
of laxity at two years» age.
For example, some
dysplastic dogs never show signs
of having it and it is only diagnosed upon testing.
Through her Litter Mate X-ray program or LMX, she has answered the prayers
of every brokenhearted German Shepherd
Dog owner by producing Shiloh Shepherds that are 97 %
dysplastic free.
A
dog can be
dysplastic in one or both hips, can have a shallow socket and a normal ball, a malformed ball and normal socket, a shallow socket and malformed ball, a misaligned joint, loose ligaments, or a combination
of these structural problems complicated by environmental factors such as rate
of growth, level
of nutrition, and exercise.
The 40
dogs described as «normal» at 2 years
of age all had some «minimal or mild degenerative changes» by 9 years
of age, and those 22
dogs diagnosed as
dysplastic (lax joints in the hip - extended view) at 2 years had the same mild or minimal changes.
You can think
of an index
of 0.4 as being «40 % out
of the socket» if you want to oversimplify the picture, since the readings runs from a hypothetical 0 (zero would mean no ability to move in the socket) to a full luxation
of 100 % out
of the socket, or DI
of 1.0 (and
of course in the worst cases, the number can be over one, but those
dogs will have bad bone changes, too, so it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see they are
dysplastic).
Usually, large
dogs suffer from this condition, but according to a study done by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals,
of 679 Shih Tzus, 20 % were found
dysplastic.
Today we have Labrador Retrievers with legs that belong on Great Danes; American Eskimos that look like Samoyeds with snipy heads; light - boned Akitas; Shetland Sheepdogs as big as Collies; Dalmatians and Airedales with screwy personalities; aggressive Old English Sheepdogs; neurotic Poodles; unsocialized Chow Chows; and
dysplastic dogs of all breeds sold in pet stores.
Because
of this, my usual suggestion is to treat
dysplastic dogs medically for as long as possible and then opt for a total hip replacement.
Dogs with a DI
of under 0.3 almost always have normal hips, and those over 0.7 are almost always
dysplastic.
Breeding studies have shown breeding 2
dysplastic dogs results in 85 - 95 %
dysplastic puppies, breeding a normal
dog to a
dysplastic dog results in approximately half
of the puppies affected and breeding two normal
dogs will result in about one third
of the puppies having hip dysplasia.
Because this problem is rooted in genetics, it tends to occur when one or both
of your
dog's parents was also
dysplastic.
In a breed that has about 40 % hip
dysplastic dogs according to OFA, it is very tempting to ignore tests results in favor
of breeding.
Conversely, if a
dog with tight sockets is radiographed without rotating the femurs sufficiently, the femoral neck may appear shortened and at a valgus angle, both
of which may cause some less - experienced vets to give a
dysplastic diagnosis to a «normal» set
of hips.
The vast majority
of dogs that undergo this procedure need only one hip replaced because the artificial joint picks up the slack for the
dysplastic one.