China produces 95 % of the worlds supply of the rare earth metal, dysprosium, a key metal in magnets used in the drive motors for hybrid electric vehicles - up to 100 grams
of dysprosium per hybrid car produced, according to a Wikipedia reference.
Thiel and Tringides» most recent success is the intercalation
of dysprosium onto graphite layers.
Some 16 million tons, translating to a 730 year supply
of dysprosium (used in magnets in wind turbines and electric vehicles), a 420 year supply of terbium (used in lasers and semiconductors) and a nearly 800 year supply of yytrium (radar systems).
Experiments performed at Ames Laboratory by post-doctoral researcher Arjun Pathak, and Mahmud Khan (now at Miami University) demonstrated that the cerium - containing alloy's intrinsic coercivity — the ability of a magnetic material to resist demagnetization — far exceeds that
of dysprosium - containing magnets at high temperatures.
Now Pimenov and his team have succeeded in switching such excitations on and off with an electric field in a special material made
of dysprosium, manganese and oxygen (DyMnO3).
And China is the only producer
of dysprosium — vital for the heat - resistant magnets favored by the U.S. military and hybrid car — makers.
A decrease in Chinese production
of dysprosium highlighted by research commissioned by Northern Minerals, has placed an increasing focus on the company's Browns Range rare earths project.
Not exact matches
The key rare earth mineral to be produced at Browns Range is «
dysprosium», a principal ingredient in the manufacturing
of large industrial magnets that are mostly used in the clean tech sector.
With construction
of Browns Range on track to be completed next month, there could hardly be a better time for Northern to emerge as the only
dysprosium source outside
of China.
The key for such new wave
of EVs is a magnet for electric motors developed by the Japanese firm, which halves the use
of a rare earth called neodymium and eliminates the use
of others called terbium and
dysprosium, the company revealed on Tuesday.
Scientific Reports published this week set out the discovery
of a seemingly indefinite deposit
of yttrium, europium, terbium and
dysprosium that exists off the coast
of Japan.
As it stands, 97 percent
of the 124,000 metric tons
of neodymium,
dysprosium — the name means «hard to get» — and other important rare earth elements produced each year come from one place: China.
Inside the coil is a rod
of terbium
dysprosium, which is a magneto - strictive material — its length changes with the magnetic field.
The problem: While iron and boron are readily available, the supply
of neodymium and
dysprosium is critical.
The Manchester team managed to stabilise a single atom
of the element
dysprosium by attaching two carbon rings to the sides
of the element.
The new alloy — a potential replacement for high - performance permanent magnets found in automobile engines and wind turbines — eliminates the use
of one
of the scarcest and costliest rare earth elements,
dysprosium, and instead uses cerium, the most abundant rare earth.
The strategy identified five rare earth metals (
dysprosium, neodymium, terbium, europium, and yttrium) as well as indium as «most critical in the short term,» as measured by their importance to clean - energy technologies and the risk
of supply disruption.
An electric motor in a Prius, for instance, requires 2 to 4 pounds
of neodymium and
dysprosium for its drive motor and lanthanum in its rechargeable battery.
«By effectively solving the
dysprosium supply problem for the wind turbine industry, this technology removes a major hurdle to the expansion
of permanent magnet generator wind turbines across global markets,» said Mark A. Smith, Molycorp's CEO.