Latour offered a rollicking critique
of ecomodernists and their manifesto, kicking off a discussion among the other panelists and participants about what it means to be human and the division between nature and society.
In the hands
of the ecomodernists, optimism isn't used as a torch to light the way forward, but rather as a cudgel with which to beat intellectual opponents into submission — because, especially in the United States, to be less than optimistic is to be, in a way, un-American.
The rhetoric
of the ecomodernist manifesto boils down to the simple proposition that we can as a species manage both economic development and ecological conservation.
In late June, around 170 scholars, policy makers, philanthropists, friends, and allies of Breakthrough Institute gathered in Sausalito to pose tough questions
of the ecomodernist project and its stated goals.
One
of their ecomodernist peers, journalist Will Boisvert, recently pondered in a piece, «How bad will climate change be?»
Not exact matches
Instead
of final proof
of the damage done by techno - industrial hubris, the «
ecomodernists» welcome the new epoch as a sign
of man's ability to transform and control nature.
Without substantially changing the substance, I wonder if the
ecomodernist manifesto could have won over people such as George Monbiot, simply by better explanation and a change
of emphasis?
Although I greatly respect the concepts behind the
ecomodernist manifesto, I feel it does a poor job
of engaging many traditional environmentalists.
... to the extent that the
ecomodernist manifesto does not take account
of the real - world obstacles to that goal, it ducks the very question it claims to be addressing.
In calculations for Slate, Michael Shellenberger, one
of the founders
of the «
ecomodernist» philosophy that advocates for a technology - focused approach to tackling climate change that includes support for nuclear power, figured out that «under Sanders» proposal to not re-license nuclear plants, U.S. carbon emissions would increase by a minimum
of 2 billion tons, about the same amount as the U.S. produces each year making electricity.»
And we supported the creation
of three new
ecomodernist organizations — Mothers for Nuclear, Generation Atomic, to organize pro-nuclear students, and Environmental Hope and Justice, a new, pro-nuclear environmental justice organization that will launch next year.
How should
ecomodernists think about markets, prices, modernization processes, governance, and the role
of the state?
The Breakthrough Paradigm Award 2015 was bestowed to Ruth DeFries, a visionary
ecomodernist scholar and Denning Family Professor
of Sustainable Development at Columbia University.
Should
ecomodernists return to the earlier, place - based view
of multiple natures?
Over the last few years,
ecomodernist thinkers have articulated a vision
of a «good Anthropocene,» one where humans use our extraordinary powers to shrink humankind's negative impacts on nature.
For instance, in Nisbet's typology, «ecological activists» such as Bill McKibben and Naomi Klein frame climate change as a product
of the global capitalist system, «smart growth reformers» such as Al Gore and Nicholas Stern diagnose climate change as a market failure that can be corrected with more efficient price signals, and «
ecomodernists» such as Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger believe climate change has been misdiagnosed as an environmental problem and should be reframed as a resilience and innovation challenge.
The past 10 years has seen the fragmentation and proliferation
of new discourses about the environment, from those
of deep greens to «smart - growth reformers» to
ecomodernists.
A concurrent session at Breakthrough Dialogue debated different economic schools
of thought with respect to how
ecomodernists think about growth, innovation, and the environment.
In contrast to the «one - dimensional paradigm»
of technocratic domination that concerns Pope Francis, the
ecomodernists propose what might be described as a two - dimensional paradigm.
Meanwhile, the «
ecomodernists» behind the manifesto — a cadre
of environmentalists, many
of whom are associated with the Breakthrough Institute, a center - left think tank — have faced accusations
of apostasy from their liberal and environmentalist brethren for endorsing nuclear power, criticizing the idea that we can live in harmony with nature, and generally rejecting the ecological orthodoxy that we need limits on growth.
The
ecomodernists and Pope Francis approach our ecological problems in very different ways, the former emphasizing growth, technology, and separation from nature, the latter emphasizing restraint, charity, and the interconnectedness
of all things.
But, unlike those environmentalists in wealthy countries who denounce the modern world while enjoying its blessings, the
ecomodernists recognize that, though with today's technology it is impossible to lift the world's poorest out
of poverty without destroying the environment, with the technologies
of the future — next - generation nuclear and solar power, carbon capture and storage, high - intensity agriculture and aquaculture, and others — all things are possible.
Where the encyclical rebukes the modern world for its crass materialism and obsession with technology, the
ecomodernists offer a full - throated endorsement
of the modern project
of technological progress and economic growth.
In addition to their enthusiasm for technology, the
ecomodernists are different from many other greens in their forceful rejection
of the Malthusian argument that we must limit economic growth, recognizing that environmental policies that require curtailing economic growth are politically impractical in rich countries, and are both impractical and morally unjustifiable in poor countries.
Judging from their manifesto, the
ecomodernists could be described as people who heard from the prophets
of doom that it would be easier for a camel to pass through the eye
of a needle than for the poor
of the Earth to enter the kingdom
of modernity and prosperity.
The idea
of «substitution» looms large in the
ecomodernist agenda — developing technologies that can replace environmentally destructive practices.
And where Pope Francis tells us we need a widespread moral transformation toward asceticism and charity, the
ecomodernists take for granted that consuming more energy and more material goods will improve the lot
of most human beings, and that we need technologies that will allow all to enjoy prosperity without unduly harming the natural world.
Where the
ecomodernists argue that we must develop new and better technologies, especially energy technologies, if we are to solve environmental problems, in Laudato Si» we are told that «to seek only a technical remedy to each environmental problem which comes up is to separate what is in reality interconnected and to mask the true and deepest problems
of the global system.»
Instead
of seeking to «harmonize with nature to avoid economic and ecological collapse,» the
ecomodernists would have us develop technologies that give human societies greater independence from nature, since «nature unused is nature spared.»