Sentences with phrase «of effector»

Increased vitamin D is associated with decline of naïve, but accumulation of effector, CD8 T cells during early aging

We demonstrate a novel outcome of S1P - mediated regulation of lymphocyte trafficking, whereby deletion of Spns2, either globally or in a lymphatic endothelial - specific manner, creates a circulating lymphopenia and a higher percentage of effector T cells and natural killer (NK) cells present in the lung.

Taken together, our results suggest that changes within the chaperone - binding domain of SptP in S Typhi hinder binding to its chaperone, resulting in instability, preventing translocation, and therefore restricting the intracellular activity of this effector.

The cross-linkage of effector and target cell will activate the effector cell.

Then, they put small sets of effector genes back in and tested each strain's ability to infect leaves of the model plant, Nicotiana benthamiana.

Furthermore, CMV - specific CTL have a highly polarized membrane phenotype that is typical of effector memory cells (CD28 -LRB--), CD57 (+), CCR7 -LRB--)-RRB-.

The innate immune system is particularly amenable to characterization with expression - based methodology such as RNA - seq, as one of the key biological consequences of pathogenic infections is the rapid induction of several classes of effector proteins, along with up - regulation of a number of other pathway components.

Activation of multiple signaling pathways may allow cells to finely tune expression of effector molecules as well as provide redundancy and resiliency.

Several studies have also suggested that OX40 signals can directly prevent suppressive activity of nTreg and can inhibit the induction of iTreg which further aid the clonal expansion and differentiation of effector T cells.

Tryptophan depletion results in the inhibition of effector T cells and kynurenine accumulation results in the expansion of immune - suppressant regulatory T cells.

Initial studies demonstrated that ligation of 4 - 1BB on T cells could deliver costimulatory signals resulting in either increased proliferation or enhanced cytokine secretion and also control clonal expansion and differentiation of effector and memory T cells.

EOS100850 potently rescues Th1 cytokine production in human whole blood treated by A2A agonists, and increased CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity in a co-culture assay of effector CD8 + T cells and target cancer cells

This intimate contact allows translocation of effector proteins by the SPI1 - T3SS.

Current working model of effector activation and feedback mechanisms in type I interferon signaling.

Either of these effector mechanisms might contribute to corneal allograft rejection.

Activity of the effector proteins result in effacement of the brush border, induction of massive membrane ruffles and formation of novel reticular F - actin structures in a highly dynamic manner.

More specifically, immunization against bacteria leads to the recruitment of effector lymphocytes different to those mobilised by chemotherapy.

A recent paper in the experimental biology publication The FASEB Journal describes how peptides found in hookworms inhibit the proliferation of effector memory T cells, which, unlike regulatory T cells, can actually trigger inflammation.

Previous research has already shown that the protein YscU plays an important part in the regulation of effector protein transportation.

In their models, abatacept reduced the proliferation and activation of effector T cells.

Site - specific administration of chemokines (CXCL9 - 10) restored homing signals that were diminished in septic hosts to permit recruitment of effector cells to the skin.

Activated heterotrimers have a wide array of effectors including adenylate cyclase (AC), phospholipase C - beta, PI 3 - kinases, GIRK channels and RhoA

Perhaps readers can suggest an alternative to this general approach for determining the potential of effectors when challenged with real parasites, in wild genetic backgrounds and in the presence of humans.

Not exact matches

To be more specific, the cybernetic model claims that the machinery of any self - correcting, goal - directed organization is made up of receivers of information, a control center, and effectors of action.

Our research enhances the traditional understanding of the plant defense system and describes a new concept describing how plants protect themselves against the pathogens that grow in the space outside plant cells (the apoplast)-- a new concept called effector - triggered defense or ETD.»

These results suggest GSK2636771 treatment can «synergize» with OX40 agonist antibodies to augment effector functions of tumor - reactive T cells.»

The researchers studied two types of cells called effector T cells, which activate the immune system to defend our body against different pathogens, and regulatory T cells, which help control the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy parts of its environment.

In this pathway, dopamine - and an adenosine 3 ′, 5 ′ - monophosphate (cAMP)-- regulated phospho - protein of 32 kilodaltons (DARPP - 32) is phosphorylated or dephosphorylated at three sites, in a pattern predicted to cause a synergistic inhibition of protein phosphatase — 1 and concomitant regulation of its downstream effector proteins glycogen synthesis kinase — 3 (GSK - 3), cAMP response element — binding protein (CREB), and c - Fos.

«My part of it was basically to identify what gene was being activated by a particular effector from the bacteria in order to cause disease,» he said.

The spleen showed increased expansion of antigen - experienced effector and memory CD4 + T - cells.

«It is likely that rapid evolvement of new bacterial effectors contributed to the resurgence of this disease.»

Toxoplasma effector MAF1 mediates recruitment of host mitochondria and impacts the host response.

Therefore identifying the essential, tissue - specific effectors of Hh has the potential to lead to the identification of more specific therapeutic targets.

«Previously it was thought that HIV was hiding primarily in central memory T - cells, but our new HIV genetic sequencing test has revealed that the majority of replication - competent virus is actually hiding in effector memory T - cells.

However, it is this small proportion of virus that hides in the effector memory T - cells and stops the immune system from fully destroying the virus and eliminating it from the body.

We identified distinct clusters of CD4 - CTL effector and precursor cells in the TEMRA subset; the precursor cells shared TCR clonotypes with CD4 - CTL effectors and were distinguished by high expression of the interleukin - 7 receptor.

Single - cell differential gene expression analysis revealed a spectrum of known transcripts, including several linked to cytotoxic and costimulatory function that are expressed at higher levels in the TEMRA (effector memory T cells expressing CD45RA) subset, which is highly enriched for CD4 - CTLs, compared with CD4 + T cells in the central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) subsets.

Their results demonstrate that specific rhoptry and dense granule effector proteins that T. gondii secretes before and after host cell invasion, respectively, control the development of an effective host antitumor response, and increase the survival of mice with ovarian tumors.

«Preventing graft - versus - host disease and relapse after transplant requires a difficult balance of eliminating the bad, overactive effector T cells, without suppressing the good, regulatory T cells,» said Kean, who is also an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine and a member of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

As the end products and biological effectors of gene expression, proteins are crucial for improving our understanding of human biology, developing new and better drugs, and advancing precision medicine.

Partial activation of the yeast pheromone response pathway by beta - adrenergic receptor agonists was achieved in cells coexpressing h beta - AR and a mammalian G protein (Gs) alpha subunit - demonstrating that these components can couple to each other and to downstream effectors when expressed in yeast.

In many cases the damage is caused by a particular group of immune cells called effector memory T - cells.

The final component in this long series of signal sequences is the Yorkie effector protein that is the decisive factor at the end of the Hippo signaling pathway and determines the start of reactivation, growth, and division in the stem cells.

Calmodulin (CaM) is a major effector for the intracellular actions of Ca2 + in nearly all cell types.

«And although synoviocytes are considered the main effectors of cartilage damage in rheumatoid arthritis there's no therapy directed against them.»

«BOK is an effector of mitochondrial apoptosis that appears to work in a different way to known proteins that initiate mitchondrial cell death,» said Fabien Llambi, Research Laboratory Specialist at St. Jude and the first author of the paper.

This «friendly fire» goes unchecked due to the failing of another type of immune cell: called the T - reg, which controls T - effector cells, shutting them down when they are not needed.

«What these new findings on exhausted T cells tells us is that the unique epigenetic profile of exhausted T cells causes these cells to express a different overall set of genes compared to memory or effector T cells,» Wherry said.

His group showed that a small number of stem - cell like CD8 T cells - called «memory» cells - were enough to produce and repeatedly replenish all of the T - effector cells needed to fight the disease.

The attraction of large - scale compound screening for life science researchers lies mainly in the technical challenge of assay design and the use of small - molecule effectors for hypothesis - driven research.