Sentences with phrase «of electrode surface»

This hydrophobic coating expels water molecules from the vicinity of the electrode surface and then, upon charging for the first time, decomposes and forms a stable interphase — a thin mixture of breakdown products that separates the solid anode from the liquid electrolyte.

Not exact matches

He knew that the charge a capacitor could store depended on the surface area of its electrodes.

The device is an improved version of a clinical tool called an electrode grid, which is a plastic or silicone - based grid of electrodes that is placed directly on the surface of the brain during surgery to monitor the activity of large groups of neurons.

Eight - month - old Lucas Kronmiller has just had the surface of his largely hairless head fitted with a cap of 128 electrodes.

As I had seen in the video in Schalk's office, each patient had the top of his skull removed and electrodes affixed to the surface of the cortex.

The results of this work could lead to the ability to design materials that have extensive surface areas that can be used in batteries as high durability silicon electrodes.

«Recording a thought's fleeting trip through the brain: Electrodes on brain surface provide best view yet of prefrontal cortex coordinating response to stimuli.»

Phase evolution for conversion reaction electrodes in lithium - ion batteries Surface reconstruction and chemical evolution of stoichiometric layered cathode materials for lithium - ion batteries

The process modified the surface of a silicon electrode to facilitate the desired reactions and protect the underlying semiconductor.

Then they applied the carbon to the surface of electrode materials used in supercapacitors, devices that store and deliver energy more quickly and more powerfully than a typical battery.

One benefit of the film - based electrodes is that their large surface area relative to their volume allows electron carriers such as lithium to ferry charges out quickly, providing a quick burst of power.

The result was a highly porous carbon nanotube electrode with lots of oxygens exposed on the surface, ready to bind with lithium.

Specifically, the study relied on data collected at NYU ECoG, a center where brain activity is recorded directly from patients implanted with specialized electrodes placed directly inside and on the surface of the brain while the patients are performing sensory and cognitive tasks.

«What was innovative was the way we incorporated and positioned the electrodes onto this textile in such a way that allows a very small volume of sweat to spread effectively through the surface.»

Ute Neugebauer, who works at Leibniz - IPHT and the University Hospital Jena points to tiny electrodes that are fixed on the surface of a stamp - sized chip: «Electric fields secure bacteria in a very small area.»

«With our design, zinc ions are reduced and deposited on the exposed back surface of the zinc electrode during charging,» said Higashi, lead author of the study.

An international team led by researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) used advanced techniques in electron microscopy to show how the ratio of materials that make up a lithium - ion battery electrode affects its structure at the atomic level, and how the surface is very different from the rest of the material.

«The membrane can be incorporated with batteries in a variety of form factors, since it's like a paint — and we can paint the surface of electrodes of any shape,» Choudhury added.

But these batteries are not in common use today because, when recharged, they spontaneously grow treelike bumps called dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode.

While coating the electrode surface with a thin layer of carbon or graphene had been shown to improve performance, there was no microscopic and quantitative understanding of why this made a difference, Bazant says.

Given the complexity and scale of the interfaces required, Shepard and his team believe that the degree of noninvasiveness required for human use within this aggressive time frame can only be achieved with electrode architectures based on stimulation and recording at the brain surface.

To locate these areas, surgeons implant electrodes across the surface of the brain that need to stay in place for many days.

Because of their repeating patterns, fractal electrodes provide a large surface area that holds more electrical charge than the Euclidean electrodes, said the study's lead author, William J. Watterson, a doctoral student of Taylor's.

The UW team tested electrodes on the surface of the brain, underneath the skull.

The nanotubes drastically increase the surface area of the ultracapacitor electrode, allowing it to hold 20 times as much energy.

Unlike batteries, which work through relatively slow chemical reactions, ultracapacitors store electricity on the surface of an electrode; thus they can be recharged almost instantly.

The researchers designed the electrodes at the nanoscale — thousands of times thinner than the thickness of a human hair — to ensure the greatest surface area would be exposed to water, which increases the amount of hydrogen the device can produce and also stores more charge in the supercapacitor.

Using an onboard source of energy (such as a battery, ultracapacitor, solar panel or any combination thereof), the electrodes will send an electrical current into the plasma, causing the plasma to push against the neutral (noncharged) air surrounding the craft, theoretically generating enough force for liftoff and movement in different directions (depending on where on the craft's surface you direct the electrical current).

To help with this, the scientists at MedUni Vienna have developed a unique, non-invasive method for stimulating the spinal cord, which involves attaching electrodes to the surface of the skin.

In the case of the negative ion source, the small amount of cesium is injected into the ion source and the cesium - adsorbed surface of the so - called «plasma electrode» become activated to transfer the electron to hydrogen atoms and hydrogenous positive ions that are colliding on the surface.

Then they anchored numerous identical snippets of single - stranded DNA to the glass surface between the electrodes.

The nanogenerator itself includes thin electrode sheets on the front and back of the mesoporous polymer film, and the researchers can attach this soft, flexible film seamlessly to flat, rough or curvy surfaces, including human skin.

If the polymers are imprinted with patterns of electrodes, arrays of dots or shapes can be raised on a surface on demand.

It consists of electrodes embedded in a flexible plastic mesh that molds to the brain's surface (but it does not penetrate the gray matter).

In order to identify the part of their brains responsible for seizures, the patients underwent 1 to 4 weeks of observation through electrocorticography (ECoG), a technique that provides precise neural recordings via electrodes placed directly on the surface of the brain.

Physicists at the University of Washington have conducted the most precise and controlled measurements yet of the interaction between the atoms and molecules that comprise air and the type of carbon surface used in battery electrodes and air filters — key information for improving those technologies.

This work, he said, resulted in the most precise and controlled measurements of these interactions ever made, «and will allow scientists to learn new things about the interplay of atoms and molecules with a carbon surface,» important for improving technologies including batteries, electrodes and air filters.

Then, surgeons placed more electrodes on the surface of Blackwell's brain, near the suspect point of origin in the temporal lobe.

The chip sits on the surface of the brain, while the electrodes delve midway into the brain's two - millimeter - thick cortex to eavesdrop on neurons that normally signal muscles to move.

In this case, one would start with an array of miniature electrodes built on an insulating surface.

The researchers demonstrated how this could be applied by moving the nanofibre from the nanotube surface onto a set of electrodes to test its electrical properties.

Participants had either one or two tiny (one - sixth - inch) electrode arrays implanted on the surfaces of their brains.

Other methods of interfacing with the brain via electrodes include those put on the scalp for electroencephalography (EEG) and ones placed under the skull on the brain's surface, known as electrocorticography (ECoG).

Stimulation was bipolar, with the electrodes placed 1.5 mm apart (surface area, 0.059 cm2), with a cycle of 5 seconds on and 5 seconds off at a frequency of 50 Hz and a pulse width of 300 μsec.

MaCS is a state - of - the - art materials and microstructure characterization laboratory that provides cross-cutting capabilities such as the unique Local Electrode Atom Probe and other surface and tomographic analytical tools.

A combinatorial approach is employed to evaluate / develop advanced electrode materials, ranging from single perovskites to double and triple layered perovskites, and to modify the surface of existing electrodes with more active nano - structured catalysts.

When the soft - landed clusters diffuse through the extremely thin membrane and reach the electrode surface of the newly designed device, the team has a detailed and precisely defined active species they can examine using several electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques.

(Invited) Regulating the CO-Reduction Product Distribution by the Atomic - Level Structural Modification of the Cu Electrode Surface Y. G. Kim, J. H. Baricuatro, A. Javier, and M. P. Soriaga

Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 on Cu and A / W Electrode Surfaces: Empirical Confirmation of Computational (DFT) Predictions A. Javier, J. H. Baricuatro, Y. G. Kim, and M. P. Soriaga

Catalyst Morphology Engineering: Towards a Better Understanding of the Effects of Surface Structure and Mass Transport in Copper Electrodes for the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction S. Nitopi, P. Chakthranont, J. Kibsgaard, C. Hahn, and T. F. Jaramillo