In the past few weeks, the debate about genetic research in Germany has focused on the issue of the use
of embryonic stem cells for research.
Thus, they consider the use
of embryonic stem cells for research purposes as unconstitutional.
Starting in 2007, in the same French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) lab where he did his Ph.D., Catelain worked to harness the potential
of embryonic stem cells for treating cardiac diseases.
The increasing use of in - vitro - fertilisation techniques, and the emergence of new possibilities involving human cloning, mixing of human and animal genetic elements, and the use
of embryonic stem cells for research, among other things, brought the need for further teaching.
Attempts have been made to bridge this divide by proposing alternative sources
of embryonic stem cells for research and therapeutic purposes.
Not exact matches
What do you think
of President Obama's decision to increase federal dollars
for embryonic stem cell research?
The truth,
of course, is that there are no human
embryonic stem -
cell therapies even in clinical trial, let alone ready
for therapy, and there have been no major treatment....
Benedict argued that non-conjugal reproduction such as in vitro fertilization had created «new problems» ¯ the freezing
of human embryos,
for instance, and the selective abortion
of medically implanted embryos, together with pre-implantation diagnosis,
embryonic stem -
cell research, and attempts at human cloning.
research; since most
of the reports have concentrated on justifying the creation
of cloned human embryos
for research into and treatment
of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, «
stem -
cells» has become synonymous with «
embryonic stem -
cells» in the public imagination.
However,
embryonic stem cells remain the «gold standard,» and studies
of all types
of stem cells should continue in parallel
for the foreseeable future.»
Let us be thankful that a tool
for discrediting the pro-life movement (shaming us
for opposing magical cures promised by
embryonic stem -
cell research) has itself been taken out
of their hands.
The National Institutes
of Health (NIH) has allowed a contract
for the dissemination
of embryonic stem cell lines approved
for US government funding to lapse, shuttering a key
stem cell bank, and doubling the price researchers pay
for samples
of some human
embryonic stem cell (hESC) line... from $ 500 per vial
of frozen
cells to $ 1,000.
(i) a woman's right to an abortion; (iii) medical immunization
of teen girls (and boys) against HPV; (iv) assisted suicide; (vi) gay marriage; (vii) my right to view art and theatre deemed «offensive,» «blasphemous» or «obscene» Catholics; (viii) basic $ ex education
for older school children; (ix) treating drug abuse as principally a medical issue; (x) population control; (xi) buying alcohol on a Sunday in many places; (xii) use
of condoms and other contraceptives; (xiii)
embryonic stem cell research; (xiv) little 10 year - old boys joining organizations such as the Boy Scouts
of America, regardless
of the religious views
of their parents; and (xv) gays being allowed to serve openly in the military.
Sullivan went on to suggest that Chaput is using a double standard in the 2008 election by criticizing Catholic supporters
of Barack Obama, while turning a blind eye to John McCain's support
for embryonic stem cell research.
In 2005, before a Congressional hearing in the U.S., Prof. George Q. Daley
of Harvard spoke forcefully and influentially about the necessity
for embryonic stem -
cell research to go ahead, and dismissed suggestions that one could work instead with «induced pluripotent
stem cells» («iPS», i.e.
stem cells reprogrammed from some
cells of a living adult).
Yet just such an unlikely resolution may be in hand
for one
of the most acrimonious conflicts
of recent times: the debate over human
embryonic stem cells....
Interestingly, none
of the opponents
of embryonic stem cell research have called
for research programs that might increase the odds
of embryo survival.
He decreed that the case brought by researchers Drs James Sherley and Theresa Deisher, along with a number
of Christian groups including the Christian Medical Association, should be heard; and ordered an injunction temporarily blocking federal funding allocated
for human -
embryonic -
stem -
cell research.
(In many ways it is worse than when John Edwards said in 2004 that if people voted
for John Kerry, people like Christopher Reeve would get out
of their wheelchairs and walk from
embryonic stem cell therapies.)
Another possible advantage
of using the Dolly method to produce
embryonic stem cells is that it takes just days, compared with weeks
for iPS
cells.
Not that a principled moral objection shouldn't be enough, but,
for those sitting on the fence, the additional discoveries
of alternative sources
of embryonic - type
stem cells should be decisive.
One
of the best talks
of this conference was given by Dr. Renee Reijo Pera, Professor and Director
of the Center
for Human
Embryonic Stem Cell Research at Stanford University.
The researchers detected this SMN long noncoding RNA, or lnc - RNA (pronounced «link RNA»)
for short, in human
embryonic kidney
cells, brain
cell samples and neurons derived from the
stem cells of healthy people and those with spinal muscular atrophy type I and II.
A type
of «virgin birth»
stem cell could be as powerful as
embryonic stem cells but without the same ethical objections, and are being tested
for Parkinson ’s
«We've shown that SIF - seq can be used to identify enhancers active in cardiomyocytes, neural progenitor
cells, and
embryonic stem cells, and we think that it has the potential to be expanded
for use in a much wider variety
of cell types,» Dickel says.
Faced with an often - hostile Congress, Obama enacted many
of his signature policies by executive order — from reversing restrictions on research with human
embryonic stem cells to helping communities prepare
for climate change.
For example, a consortium
of research groups called the London Project to Cure Blindness aims to test RPE transplants from
embryonic stem cells in patients with macular degeneration this year.
The year's most prominent science issue, federal support
of embryonic stem cell research, is so controversial that the sons
of Ronald Reagan gave dueling speeches at the opposing party conventions; Michael Reagan backs President George W. Bush's policies, including the ban on funding
for research on new
stem cell lines, while Ron supports Senator John Kerry's promise to lift restrictions.
The study results were found using mouse
embryonic stem cells, which are good
cell models
for the study
of processes seen in human
stem cells.
For the first time, specialised
cells have been reprogrammed into the equivalent
of embryonic stem cells without using genes that might trigger cancer.
In granting an injunction to two scientists who oppose widening US government funding
for research on human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs), Judge Royce Lamberth wrote
of «simply preserving the status quo».
Oliver Brüstle, director
of the Institute
of Reconstructive Neurobiology at the University
of Bonn, Germany, who had a patent on a method
for generating neurons from human
embryonic stem cells rejected by the court, called the ruling «the worst possible outcome», and «a disaster
for Europe».
«I think this is the best option we have ever had,» says Renee Reijo Pera, director
of Stanford University's Center
for Human
Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education in California, who wasn't involved in the study.
Peter Coffey, a
stem -
cell biologist at the Institute
of Ophthalmology in London, is developing an
embryonic -
stem -
cell treatment
for macular degeneration with the global drug company Pfizer.
Base oxidation regulates gene activity In cooperation with colleagues at LMU, as well as researchers based in Berlin, Basel and Utrecht, Carell and his group have now shown,
for the first time, that a standard base other than cytosine is also modified in
embryonic stem cells of mice.
For example, animal studies have shown that neurons derived in the lab from human
embryonic stem cells improve Parkinson's symptoms; however, any residual
stem cells associated with those neurons could form masses
of unwanted
cells.
CMRB has two parts: the
Cell Line Bank of Barcelona, which generates and maintains embryonic stem cell lines, and the CMRB research centre, which carries out basic and applied research to design future strategies for regenerative medic
Cell Line Bank
of Barcelona, which generates and maintains
embryonic stem cell lines, and the CMRB research centre, which carries out basic and applied research to design future strategies for regenerative medic
cell lines, and the CMRB research centre, which carries out basic and applied research to design future strategies
for regenerative medicine.
«Perhaps there are some mammary gland
stem cells that can be coaxed to have a slightly broader potential than normal, but I very much doubt that
embryonic - like
cells normally exist in the breast,» says Robin Lovell - Badge
of the National Institute
for Medical Research in London.
They then argue that «By creating a financial incentive
for embryonic stem cell research — an incentive that by NIH's own admission involves investments
of «hundreds
of millions
of dollars» — and by specifying the precise means by which embryos must be destroyed in order to qualify
for federal funding, the NIH necessarily and knowingly subjects embryos to a substantial risk
of injury or death.»
In addition, where
cells derived from
embryonic stem cells are great at proliferating — a potentially critical feature if one wants to grow sufficient numbers
of cells for clinical use — ones from the iPS lines were much feebler.
Yoshiki Sasai at the RIKEN Center
for Developmental Biology in Kobe, Japan, and colleagues encouraged
embryonic stem cells to develop into retinal
cells, and then grew them alongside a protein matrix to promote the formation
of tissue.
They showed that ZIKV infection
of cortical progenitors (
stem cells for cortical neurons) controlling neurogenesis triggers a stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (where some
of the cellular proteins and lipids are synthetized) in the
embryonic brain, inducing signals in response to incorrect protein con - formation (referred to as «unfolded protein response»).
Collins and others argue not just
for a permanent removal
of the injunction to resume research with confidence, but also
for an extension
of the number
of embryonic stem cell lines available to federally funded researchers.
«Human
embryonic stem cells remain the gold standard
for pluripotency,» Francis Collins, director
of the National Institutes
of Health, said at the hearing.
The patch is made
of eye
cells made from human
embryonic stem cells, and it has been designed
for treating the «dry» form
of macular degeneration, which accounts
for 90 per cent
of all cases, and affects 1.7 million people in the US.
Under the Obama administration, the number
of embryonic stem cell lines available
for federally funded research had more than tripled, but no money was going toward the creation
of any
cell lines (a process that destroys the embryo).
«It's an exciting development, and we await the outcome over the next year to see how well these
cells integrate, and if there are any potential adverse reactions,» says Mike Cheetham
of the Institute
of Ophthalmology at University College London, one site where research is under way into a human
embryonic stem -
cell treatment
for AMD.
However, Daley says he was asked not to make
embryonic stem cells the focus
of his talk, but he planned to discuss them
for historical context.
But a number
of the invited speakers, including Alan Trounson, president
of the California Institute
for Regenerative Medicine in San Francisco, and keynote speaker George Daley, a
stem -
cell scientist at Children's Hospital Boston in Massachusetts, are involved in research using human
embryonic stem cells, which the Catholic Church considers unethical.
Recently, however, I was alarmed to hear that my fellow Delawareans voted to oust Representative Mike Castle, a solid moderate who pushed
for embryonic stem cell research and was handily elected as the Republican representative
of a largely Democratic state
for nine consecutive terms, in favor
of Christine O'Donnell, who, as far as I can tell, is a houseplant.