The approval follows a 12 - month environmental assessment of the project that looked at the adequacy
of emissions estimates and air quality modelling, cumulative air emissions, potential health impacts and worker health issues.
The sum
of these emission estimates is about 60 teragrams CH4 per year, or ~ 25 % of global natural CH4 emissions.
The authors estimate that diffusive and ebullitive CH4 fluxes should be measured from a minimum of 3 and 11 depth stratified sites on at least 11 and 39 days (respectively) to achieve ± 20 %
of the emissions estimated from sampling more intensively (Wik et al. 2016).
The flux estimates presented in previous sections use available estimates from every reservoir where GHG emissions have been reported (and mean estimates from reservoirs where multiple studies or years of data have been collected), but it is important to note that the spatial and temporal coverage
of these emission estimates are highly variable.
Not exact matches
Globally, it generates an
estimated 350 million tons a year
of greenhouse gas
emissions.
Mascarenhas
estimates that applying her company's technology to the methane that's currently vented or flared could reduce Alberta's GHG
emissions by 60 megatonnes — 35 %
of Canada's 2020 reduction goal — at a cost
of less than $ 1.70 per tonne.
Estimates vary, but between 7,500 and 52,000 people in the United States meet early deaths because
of small particles resulting from power plant
emissions.
But after crunching some Department
of Energy data, Surace
estimates that the construction and operation
of buildings — heating; cooling; lighting; the manufacture
of cement, drywall, and glass — produce 52 percent
of global greenhouse gas
emissions.
(Drywall accounts for about 1 percent
of emissions worldwide, Surace
estimates; heat loss through windows contributes about 5 percent.)
In addition, he says the world
of aviation is ready for a new propulsion system that he
estimates will have 80 percent lower
emissions and be dramatically quieter than comparable planes.
Comprehensive studies that account for both direct and indirect
emissions estimate that over 50 %
of global GHG
emissions come from raising livestock.
For example, he signed and sent a letter as Oklahoma Attorney General criticizing EPA
estimates of emissions from oil and gas wells, without disclosing that it had been drafted in its entirety by Devon Energy.
On May 3rd the provincial government released its
estimate of emissions released by its major industrial facilities in 2010.
A new voluntary star rating scheme to
estimate the greenhouse
emissions of buildings has been proposed for WA by the Office
of Energy.
An article published this week in Nature Climate Change (article via Nature paywall) is making the rounds
of the headlines because it makes some pretty bold claims — namely that the US State Department under -
estimated the
emissions impact
of the Keystone XL pipeline by up to a factor
of four.
Additionally, global kerosene use has been
estimated to emit up to 200 million tons
of CO2 annually, which is the equivalent
of emissions from approximately 60 large U.S. coal plants, heightening the need to develop sustainable alternatives.
It produces this
estimate for
emissions from all upstream transportation and distribution primarily using data collected from its third - party logistics coordinators and EPA
emission factors; only 7 %
of emissions are from «primary data.»
Trucking Efficiency informed the government's new, more - stringent fuel economy and
emissions standards for heavy - duty trucks —
estimated to save 1 billion metric tons
of greenhouse gas
emissions and $ 170 billion in fuel costs.
The firm said the cost
of provisions to cover the
emissions scandal had risen to 16.2 billion euros from a previous
estimate of 6.7 billion euros.
If we put a price on those
emissions of $ 50 - 200 per tonne, reflecting some recent
estimates of the external costs
of carbon
emissions, we get a range
of $ 4 - 20 billion in environmental costs just from GHG
emissions.
NEC collected or
estimated megawatt hour («MWh») generation data for each portfolio project and used region - specific eGRID
emissions factors maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine the greenhouse gas («GHG») intensity
of each MWh offset by its investments.
Combining the generation data, project location, and eGRID
emissions factor, NEC
estimated the amount
of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (measured together as metric tons
of CO2 Eq.)
Marc's conservative
estimate is that new oil sands production associated with the Trans Mountain Pipeline expansion (just the expansion beyond the existing pipeline) would represent an additional 93 megatonnes
of global GHG
emissions per year.
Global
emissions of carbon dioxide from the use
of fossil fuels are
estimated to have to be reduced by 75 to 80 per cent.
The figure
estimates 4.2 tons less
of carbon dioxide
emissions each year for each truck.
FAO
estimates that annually the loss and waste adds up to US$ 940 billion and about eight per cent
of global greenhouse gas
emissions.
As international awareness about the environmental costs
of producing and eating meat increases — The United Nations» Food and Agriculture Organization
estimates the meat industry generates nearly one - fifth
of the man - made greenhouse gas
emissions that are accelerating climate change worldwide — the work
of RiceBran Technologies is supporting environmental sustainability and combating waste while globally providing a nutritious source
of protein, carbohydrates, healthy oil and dietary fiber as food ingredients.
«Food that is ultimately lost or wasted consumes about a quarter
of all water used by agriculture, requires cropland area the size
of China, and is responsible for an
estimated 8 percent
of global greenhouse gas
emissions.
This calculator also describes the environmental impacts
of food recovery, including an
estimate for the impact on greenhouse gas
emissions from reducing food waste.
Just by changing the way we farm, by stopping deep tilling, mono - cropping, and chemical fertilizer use — the Climate Collaborative
estimates regenerative carbon farming practices could mitigate as much as 4 billion to 6 billion tons
of CO2 equivalents a year or 10 percent to 12 percent
of global human - caused
emissions.
While many schemes supported through these levies make a valuable contribution to meeting Government targets to save energy, reduce
emissions, and tackle fuel poverty and climate change the latest Government
estimate indicated that they currently account for 4 %
of a typical gas bill and up to 10 %
of a typical electricity bill.
Once the pipeline is complete, the Valley Energy Center will begin to reduce the region's overall
emissions, protect and enhance the reliability
of the region's electric grid, and start saving New York's energy consumers more than an
estimated $ 600 million in electricity costs annually.»
For New York, that equates to a reduction in carbon
emissions of an
estimated half a million tons per year while bolstering grid reliability and providing critical revenue into local governments.»
«Food that is ultimately lost or wasted consumes about a quarter
of all water used by agriculture, requires cropland area the size
of China, and is responsible for an
estimated 8 percent
of global greenhouse gas
emissions.
Disregarding the aviation certificates, multipliying the total with 1/0.45 results in a conservative
estimate of a total
emission of 100 billion tons
of CO2.
WHEREAS, the United States is a significant contributor
of greenhouse gas
emissions, contributing an
estimated seventeen and eighty - nine / one hundredths percent
of all greenhouse gases emitted in the world;
More accurate distances between the most common type
of «planetary nebulae» and the Earth can be
estimated simply with three sets
of data: firstly, the size
of the object on the sky taken from the latest high resolution surveys; secondly, an accurate measurement
of how bright the object is in the red hydrogen - alpha
emission line; and thirdly, an
estimate of the dimming toward the nebula caused by so called interstellar - reddening.
Based on the
emissions and spatial distribution
of these 12 systems, the team
estimates 10,000 to 20,000
of these objects should be swirling around our galaxy's core, mostly unseen.
From there, the researchers
estimated that the carbon stored in Central Congo Basin's peat is equivalent to about 20 years
of fossil fuel
emissions from the United States, at current rates.
In three separate indoor UV chambers, Benca exposed the dwarf pines to 7.5, 10 and 13 times Berkeley's normal UV - B intensity, in line with
estimates of the impact Siberian Trap eruptions would have had on the ozone layer if their
emissions occurred over various lengths
of time, ranging from 400,000 years to less than 200,000 years.
According to the researcher's
estimates, the majority
of these
emissions come from the respiration
of the roots and the fall and decay
of the semi-aquatic vegetation in the flood plains.
Next week, the heads
of 11 space agencies are expected to issue a joint communique from a meeting in New Delhi calling for cooperation to calibrate instruments and validate measurements «to achieve an international, independent system for
estimating the global
emissions based on internationally accepted data.»
The best
estimates of the increase in global temperatures range from 1.8 to 4.0 degrees C for the various
emission scenarios, with higher
emissions leading to higher temperatures.
In this study, we created new per - animal
emissions factors — that is measures
of the average amount
of CH4 discharged by animals into the atmosphere — and new
estimates of global livestock methane
emissions.»
Even the most optimistic
estimates of the effects
of contemporary fossil fuel use suggest that mean global temperature will rise by a minimum
of 2 °C before the end
of this century and that CO2
emissions will affect climate for tens
of thousands
of years.
If CH2Cl2
emissions continue to rise at the rate seen in the last decade, recovery
of the ozone hole would be delayed about 30 years, the researchers
estimate in Nature Communications.
These marginal improvements could have major effects: The U.N. Environment Programme
estimated that 19 percent
of the world's electricity goes toward lighting, accounting for up to 8 percent
of global greenhouse gas
emissions.
«This is certainly true for fossil fuel - related approvals, where there is a clear causal connection between each phase
of the fossil fuel supply chain (production, transportation, processing, and end - use) and the
emissions from these activities can be
estimated with existing tools and data.»
«The economic costs
of not reining in greenhouse gas
emissions are more serious than we previously
estimated,» ADB chief economist Shang - Jin Wei said in a statement.
Nigel Purvis, president
of Climate Advisers,
estimated that the 5 percent set - aside would likely reduce annual
emissions equivalent to those
of France or Spain.