Low levels
of emotional support predicted dissolutions both in the early and the late child - rearing years.
Low levels
of emotional support predicted both early and late dissolutions.
Not exact matches
The effect
of these kinds
of supports on home visitors has not been well studied, but some research on similar interventions indicates implementation
of evidence - based practices with fidelity monitoring and supportive consultation
predicts lower rates
of staff turnover, as well as lower levels
of staff
emotional exhaustion relative to services as usual.29, 30,31 Moreover, a supportive organizational climate has been associated with more positive attitudes toward adoption
of evidence - based programs.32
On the basis
of this previous theoretical and empirical work, we hypothesized that (1) early cognitive stimulation, (2) early parental
emotional support, and (3) early viewing
of television would
predict subsequent bullying behavior, controlling for baseline bullying.
In accordance with the positive and negative affect models, we expect that expression
of criticism will be associated with short term dissolutions, while low levels
of emotional support will
predict long term dissolutions.
More specifically, having a close
emotional bond, feeling
supported in autonomy processes and having (moderately) low levels
of separation anxiety toward parents
predict more constructive emotion regulation mechanisms and coping strategies.
Some
support for this hypothesis was found in studies
of children's
emotional and behavioural responses during specific stressful events: early maternal depression was found to
predict children's distress in the context
of losing a game [13], and children's dysfunctional emotion regulation in response to witnessing simulated anger between their mother and an adult stranger [14].
SDQ total difficulties scores (summed hyperactivity, conduct,
emotional, and peer problem scores) were significantly associated with «treatment status» and «presence
of any disorder» criteria,
supporting concurrent criterion validity
of the measure.15, 16 However, each preschool SDQ study was limited to a cross-sectional design, prohibiting examination
of factor structure stability over time and validity in
predicting future psychopathology.
Concerning dispositional empathic concern and self - reports
of supportive behaviors, in one study no association was found; in a second study, the
predicted pattern was found only for
emotional support (in women), and the opposite pattern was found for instrumental
support (in men)(see [24]-RRB-.
Based on the existing literature, it was
predicted that higher levels
of emotional and instrumental social
support and more
support services would
predict higher levels
of daily positive mood and less daily negative mood.
The previously described multilevel models were used to test our hypothesis that daily received instrumental and
emotional support would
predict more daily positive mood and less daily negative mood, and that the number
of support services received would
predict lower levels
of daily negative mood.
Days characterized by high levels
of parenting stress and
emotional support predicted lower levels
of positive mood, whereas days with low levels
of parenting stress and high levels
of emotional support were associated with higher levels
of positive mood.