Sentences with phrase «of endoderm cells»

Albeit still in rudimentary form - since it can't further develop into a healthy fetus because of the absence of endoderm cells - the newly constructed artificial embryo leads scientists closer to understanding how embryogenesis works.

San Diego, CA (June 3, 2009)-- Novocell, Inc., a stem cell engineering company, today announced that it has received U.S. Patent No. 7,541,185 with method claims covering the use of endoderm cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for drug discovery.

Not exact matches

The researchers found that maternal gdf3 is required for Ndr1 and Ndr2 to signal at the levels necessary to properly induce the formation of mesoderm and endoderm cells in early zebrafish embryos.

Professor Heiko Lickert, director of the IDR, in collaboration with Professor Gunnar Schotta of LMU München, showed that the Wnt / β - catenin signaling pathway regulates Sox17, which in turn regulates molecular programs that assign pluripotent cells to the endoderm, thus inducing an initial differentiation of the stem cells.

The pluripotent cells of the embryo organize themselves at an early stage in germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.

Endoderm cells are cells that eventually mature into many of the body's major organs — including the liver.

«Instead of taking the skin cells back to the beginning, we took them only part way, creating endoderm - like cells,» added Gladstone and CIRM Postdoctoral Scholar Saiyong Zhu, PhD, one of the paper's lead authors.

ES cells are pluripotent, that is, they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

For example, cells in the primitive streak can become either endoderm or one of two types of mesoderm.

But then Stainier and colleagues showed that the endoderm was also somehow responsible for the migration of the heart cell buds in the layer of cells above it, known as the mesoderm.

Therefore, we used microarray analysis to perform pairwise comparisons of the transcriptional profile of EFTF - expressing pluripotent cells to three regions of the Xenopus embryo: the eye field (EF) including underlying mesendoderm, posterior neural plate (PNP) and the non-neural, flank, lateral endoderm (LE, Figure 1A).

Initial imaging analysis of fluorescently labelled human iPSC - derived hepatic endoderm cells, umbilical cord - derived endothelial cells (HUVECs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultured in a solidified matrix gel to promote 3D growth found that the different cells collectively and automatically «condensed» into a multicellular central unit.

Endoderm cells are a type of cell found in the early embryo, and which eventually mature into the body's major organs — including the pancreas, the home of β - cells.

The researchers came upon their finding serendipitously, after working out the molecular pathway, or succession of genes, that prompt the early - stage formation of the endoderm, one of the three layers of cells that form the developing embryo.

In one of the experiments, for example, activation of a particular signal at the correct time elicits the appearance of the mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm — the precursors of all cell types — with a spatial organization similar to that of an embryo.

When the ESCs had no Chd1 at all, the cells could not differentiate into all of the three germ layers (specifically, endoderm was not detected, and a preference was found for neuronal lineages).

Within this elementary biological structure, three types of cells begin to cluster and develop: the embryonic stem cells (which eventually become the body of the embryo), and two extra-embryonic types of cells - the trophoblast stem cells (which develop into the placenta) and the endoderm stem cells (which go on to form the yolk sac).

The portfolio includes U.S. and foreign patents and applications directed to culture, expansion and scale - up of pluripotent stem cells and cell types derived therefrom, various differentiation processes for production of mesendoderm, definitive endoderm, PEC - 01, and endocrine precursors, as well as claims directed to the Company's Encaptra ® macro-encapsulation device platform.

«The most important application of this patent will be the use of our patented human endoderm cells to screen for agents that potentially affect endoderm differentiation, for example, to any of the important cells derived from endoderm such as lung, liver, intestine, pancreas, thymus, parathyroid and thyroid.»

Endoderm cells are a type of cell found in the early embryo, and which eventually mature into the body's major organs — including the pancreas, the home of ß - cells.

For definitive endoderm differentiation, spontaneously formed EBs on day 6 were plated onto matrigel - coated dishes and maintained in a low concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in combination with a high concentration of recombinant Activin A. Scale - like cells appeared (Figure 5A), which were positive for definitive endoderm markers such as Foxa2, Sox17 and Gata4.

(C) When iPS cells were cultured in the absence of the HFF cells, various differentiated cells could be observed, such as definitive endoderm - like cells (a) and (b), fibroblast - like cells (c), cardiomyocytes (d), epidermis - like cells (e) and neural rosettes (f).

(A) A low concentration of FBS in combination with a high concentration of recombinant Activin A could induce iPS cells of line 11.1 into a definitive endoderm lineage.

On the other hand, cells of line 4.1 differentiated into endoderm lineages more easily than cells of line 11.1 (data not shown).

Histochemical analysis indicated the existence of tissues from all three germ layers, such as neural epithelial cells (ectoderm), intestines (endoderm) and muscle (mesoderm)(Figure 6A).

Then, by treating the fibroblasts with a unique «cocktail» of molecules and reprogramming factors, they transformed the cells into endoderm - like cells.

Black arrowheads show the presence of LacZ positive cells in the parietal endoderm.

One of these cells types, characterized by both the expression of the Venus transgene and the ES cells marker SSEA - 1 (V+S +), appears to represent an early step in primitive endoderm specification.

That we have observed a direct contribution of ES cells to both visceral and parietal endoderm also has implications for canonical definitions of pluripotency.

Black arrows show the presence of LacZ positive cells in the visceral endoderm.

In support of this idea, Beddington and Robertson originally observed ES cell contribution to all the extra-embryonic lineages, but in particular to parietal endoderm [23].

J, Hematoxylin and eosin staining of teratoma sections generated from integration - free iPSC lines showing differentiation in three germ layers: goblet cells in gastro - intestinal (GI) tract (endoderm); neural rosettes (ectoderm) and blood vessels, muscle and cartilage / bone (mesoderm).

Moreover, as it has recently been shown that VE can contribute to the embryonic gut [55], the distinction between visceral and definitive endoderm begins to blur and the inability of ES cells to contribute to the VE becomes more puzzling.

Viacyte have developed a line of pancreatic endoderm cells (PEC - 01).

ViaCyte's patent portfolio covers many of the intermediary cell types generated when human pluripotent stem cells progress along the differentiation pathway to pancreatic progenitor cells, including mesendoderm and definitive endoderm.

We show that the fraction of cells present within this state is influenced by factors that both promote and suppress primitive endoderm differentiation, but conditions that support ES cell self - renewal prevent their progression into differentiation and support an equilibrium between this state and at least one other that resembles the Nanog positive inner cell mass of the mammalian blastocysts.

On the other hand, ES cells and cells differentiating into endoderm and mesoderm lineages from ES cells express OCT - 4 in mice and humans [66], and SSEA1 expression is found in other type of cells including neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells [67], [68].

Extraembryonic endoderm cells might secrete BMP and Wnt antagonists that enable neighboring cells in the center of the colony, well away from stem cell maintenance signals, to undergo anteriorization and neural commitment.

Moreover, ES cell differentiation in vitro recapitulates events that take place during early embryonic development including the formation of the three germ layers of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, and the emergence of endothelial, hematopoietic, cardiac, neuronal and hepatic or pancreatic cells [8], [9].

Differentiation into extraembryonic endoderm [21] or neural progenitors [33] are frequent early outcomes of spontaneous differentiation when human ES cells are cultured in the presence of a feeder cell layer, and it is interesting to speculate that the cells are being primed for these fates.

A more recent study showed overlapping expression of nanog with GATA - 6 and a Pdgfra reporter, markers of the primitive endoderm lineage, from the morula to the 64 cell stages [8], suggesting a gradual transition from a pluripotency program to a committed state.

We have previously reported that our 26 - d protocol closely recapitulates key stages of biliary development, starting with the differentiation of hPSCs into endoderm and subsequently into foregut progenitor (FP) cells, followed by the generation of hepatoblasts (HBs), cholangiocyte progenitors (CPs) expressing early biliary markers and mature CLCs displaying cholangiocyte functionality.

«The efficient production of endoderm represents the first critical step in the creation of a renewable islet source derived from hES cells that is targeted at restoring normal glucose regulation in diabetic patients.»

«Novocell is a leader in differentiation of stem cells to create functional islet cells of the pancreas, and this broad patent significantly enhances our proprietary position and further secures our investment in the development of a diabetes cell therapy and potentially other endoderm - derived cell products,» said Edward Baetge, Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of Novocell.

Specifically the disputed question is whether Toddler acts early, to enhance Nodal signaling, and therefore to specify endoderm cells; or, alternatively, whether it acts later, to control the migration of mesendoderm.

One model, the «specification model», postulates that Toddler's primary role is to promote the specification of endoderm, which when defective leads to abnormal migration of mesendodermal cells (Chng et al., 2013).

The presence or absence of endoderm does not affect lateral mesodermal cell migration in wild - type and toddler mutants.