Sentences with phrase «of endogenous proteins»

Rapid and reversible knockdown of endogenous proteins by peptide - directed lysosomal degradation.

Not exact matches

Perhaps the most significant distinction between evolution and ID / creationism is evolution's ability to explain poor design features, e.g. male nip - ples, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the presence / location of endogenous retroviruses, and (one of my personal favorites) the presence of a defunct gene for egg yolk protein in our placental mammal genomes.

A study by Dallas et al indicated that milk produced by women who deliver preterm demonstrates a high level of protein breakdown by endogenous proteases, with the investigators suggesting that such breakdown may reduce difficulties associated with the immature digestive systems of preterm infants.

Lead author X. Charlie Dong, Ph.D., associate professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the IU School of Medicine, and colleagues monitored blood glucose levels and liver insulin sensitivity in mice with the endogenous Sestrin 3 protein and mice genetically engineered to not produce the protein.

This suggests that the instantaneous peak power delivered to the specimen may be an even more important metric of cell health than the total photon dose and should enable extended 3D observation of endogenous levels of even sparsely expressed proteins produced by genome editing.

Indeed, infectious prions are solely composed of preformed aggregates of misfolded prion protein, which transmit disease by seeding the aggregation of the endogenous prion protein, resulting in the accumulation of large quantities of these toxic aggregates in the brain (Prusiner, 1998; Soto et al., 2006).

We also characterized the function of a family of endogenous inhibitors of calcineurin, originally termed MCIP but subsequently renamed as RCAN proteins.

A possible secondary project will address the role of convertase binding proteins that play a role as endogenous secretory chaperones in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Using recombinant protein expression we can produce milligram quantities of recombinant convertases, as well as of their two endogenous binding proteins.

Arikawa T, Omura K, Morita I. Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein - 2 expression by endogenous prostaglandin E2 in human mesenchymal stem cells.

Multiple mouse models of SMA have been produced, generally by knocking out the endogenous mouse SMN1 gene and replacing it with one or more copies of the human SMN2 gene that produces much less full - length SMN protein than the SMN1 gene.

(6) In early - aging (2 - mo old) BubR1H / H; INK - ATTAC mice, but not young (3 - wk - old) mice, transcripts of the system and of reporter green fluorescent protein «were significantly elevated in [subcutaneous] adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and eye, but not in tissues in which endogenous p16Ink4a is not induced, including liver and heart.»

Targeted DNA demethylation and activation of endogenous genes using programmable TALE - TET1 fusion proteins.

Thioredoxin - 1 (Trx1) is an endogenous antioxidant protein important for redox regulation and participates in the regulation of apoptosis through the inhibition of apoptosis signal - regulating kinase - 1 (Ask - 1).

For example, Masato Kanemaki's lab has developed a CRISPR / Cas - based system for tagging endogenous proteins with an auxin - inducible degron (AID) tag to generate proteins which can be rapidly and reversibly degraded after the addition of auxin to the culture medium.

To accomplish this, we used homologous recombination to ablate nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (NMHC) II - B by inserting cDNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)- NMHC II - A into the first coding exon of the Myh10 gene, thereby placing GFP - NMHC II - A under control of the endogenous II - B promoter.

Additionally, thanks to the modular arrangement of vectors included in tagging systems like SapTrap, scientists will be able to generate genome - wide libraries containing fluorescently - tagged proteins at endogenous loci, shedding light on previously unknown protein functions.

CRISPR has allowed scientists to tag and light up endogenous genes of interest to better understand normal protein function.

The use of endogenous HMOX1 protein expression as a readout allowed the identification of compounds that specifically derepress Bach1 and induce transcription of an Nrf2 - responsive gene.

In mouse models in which the endogenous Smn1 gene has been knocked out and human versions of SMN2 have been swapped in, the Isis therapy — a so - called «antisense oligonucleotide» — delivered to the mouse central nervous system (CNS) increased the expression of full - length SMN protein in motor neurons, improved muscle strength in behavioral tests and extended the rodents» median lifespan from 16 days to 26 days3.

By making transgenic, knock - in mice where the endogenous RNA is tagged with the stem loops of the MS2 phage, and bound to the fluorescent coat protein, we can see all these events of mRNA from birth to death in living tissues.

Amphimedon possesses homologues of bilaterian proteins involved in nervous system development (for example, elav - and musashi - like RNA - binding proteins, neural transcription factors), pre - and post-synaptic organization (for example, Discs large) 42, endogenous and exogenous signalling (for example, G - protein - coupled receptors (GPCRs)-RRB-, and neuroendocrine secretion, although bilaterian peptide hormones are not detected (Supplementary Note 8.9).

In each of the BAC transgenic vectors, endogenous protein coding sequences have been replaced by sequences encoding the EGFP reporter gene.

Thus these results measure the relative rates of transcription for each gene; they are not a direct measure of mRNA accumulation or of protein abundance for the endogenous gene products.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

The relation between protein consumption and diurnal variations of the endogenous creatinine clearance in normal individuals

A number of hormones increase hGH secretion including testosterone (the most potent secretagogue for hGH), estrogen, progesterone, thyroid, melatonin, and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH).122, 123, 124, 125 hGH is decreased by a sedentary lifestyle, inadequate protein, poor sleep, and insufficient endogenous hormones.

1) Maximal endogenous glycogen stores are best promoted by following a high - glycemic, high - carbohydrate (CHO) diet (600 — 1000 grams CHO or ~ 8 — 10 g CHO / kg / d), and ingestion of free amino acids and protein (PRO) alone or in combination with CHO before resistance exercise can maximally stimulate protein synthesis.

Under conditions of starvation, endogenous sources (eg, muscle protein, glycogen, and fat stores) are used as energy supplies (10).

The Adaptive Stress Response includes well over 100 cytoprotective proteins that participate in production of endogenous antioxidants, DNA & protein repair, damaged protein removal, toxin export, metal chelation, inflammation inhibition, or are themselves antioxidants.

Adhering to these traditional concepts the US Department of Agriculture has concluded that diets, which reduce calories, will result in effective weight loss independent of the macronutrient composition, which is considered less important, even irrelevant.14 In contrast with these views, the majority of ad - libitum studies demonstrate that subjects who follow a low - carbohydrate diet lose more weight during the first 3 — 6 months compared with those who follow balanced diets.15, 16, 17 One hypothesis is that the use of energy from proteins in VLCKD is an «expensive» process for the body and so can lead to a «waste of calories», and therefore increased weight loss compared with other «less - expensive» diets.13, 18, 19 The average human body requires 60 — 65 g of glucose per day, and during the first phase of a diet very low in carbohydrates this is partially (16 %) obtained from glycerol, with the major part derived via gluconeogenesis from proteins of either dietary or tissue origin.12 The energy cost of gluconeogenesis has been confirmed in several studies7 and it has been calculated at ∼ 400 — 600 Kcal / day (due to both endogenous and food source proteins.18 Despite this, there is no direct experimental evidence to support this intriguing hypothesis; on the contrary, a recent study reported that there were no changes in resting energy expenditure after a VLCKD.20 A simpler, perhaps more likely, explanation for improved weight loss is a possible appetite - suppressant action of ketosis.

The association of endogenous sex steroids and sex steroid binding proteins with mammographic density: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen / Progestin Interventions Mammographic Density Study

Estimation of net endogenous noncarbonic acid production in humans from diet potassium and protein contents

WALTHAM has contributed to the knowledge of the protein requirements of the dog by: Measuring endogenous nitrogen losses in adult dogs.