Sentences with phrase «of epidemiological evidence»

There is now a considerable body of epidemiological evidence from developing countries and multilateral agencies that so called common mental disorders are common and disabling (e.g. Murray & Lopez, 1996; Patel et al. 1998).

Basu R, Samet J: The relationship between elevated ambient temperature and mortality: a review of the epidemiological evidence.

Ye, X., R. Wolff, W. Yu, P. Vaneckova, X. Pan, and S. Tong, 2012: Ambient temperature and morbidity: A review of epidemiological evidence.

Recent examination of the epidemiological evidence (Bischoff 2011) found no association between milk intake and protection from hip fractures in women, even in women who drank 3 - 4 glasses of milk per day.

Not exact matches

Preventive effects of drinking green tea on cancer and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological evidence for multiple targeting prevention

We chose to model the effects on body weight because good evidence (from both trials and epidemiological studies) links regular consumption of sugar sweetened drinks to weight gain.8 10 12 Moreover, data from longitudinal studies support the idea that changes in the price of sugar sweetened drinks are linked to changes in body weight.20 Other groups have used this form of modelling to estimate the effects of a sugar sweetened drink tax on obesity.18 21 22

Studies by the National Academy of Science and evidence from other epidemiological studies indicate that the higher intake of carotene and vitamin A may reduce the risk of cancer.»

But skeletal analysis was hobbled by an inability to accurately determine bone age and a lack of supporting epidemiological evidence.

But as more and better epidemiological data has become available, the evidence is clear: men who have sex with men (MSM), regardless of whether or not they identify as gay, also are at the core of those generalized epidemics.

The epidemiological evidence was strong enough that it led to a whole series of clinical studies and randomized control trials with fish oil, says nutritionist Penny M. Kris - Etherton of Pennsylvania State University.

Previous research has largely focused on dietary components and which diet would be best to lower the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but so far there is no clear evidence from epidemiological or clinical trial data that a specific diet is optimal for long - term weight - loss or lowering the risk of diabetes.

However, «taking into consideration the weight of evidence,» EFSA concluded that the epidemiological studies did not contradict the conclusion from animal studies «that glyphosate is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans.»

By then, more than 12 large - scale epidemiological studies had failed to find evidence of the hypothesized link (J. S. Gerber and P. A. Offit Clin.

Now, direct evidence from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air), a 10 - year epidemiological study of more than 6,000 people from six U.S. states, shows that air pollution — even at levels below regulatory standards — accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis.

In an accompanying editorial, Anna Alisi, PhD, of the Liver Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, and Pietro Vajro, MD, of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, «Scuola Medica Salernitana,» Unit of Pediatrics, University of Salerno, Baronissi (Sa), Italy, commented, «This elegant observational study by Ayonrinde and colleagues is the first epidemiological evidence for the connection between maternal obesity, breastfeeding, and NAFLD.»

«We acknowledge that SV40 at least could have a carcinogenic effect but epidemiological evidence does not suggest that it actually did,» says IOM committee member Steven Goodman, a biostatistician at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore.

The research team had previously studied one specialist CF centre in the UK and identified genetic and epidemiological evidence suggesting person - to - person transmission of M. abscessus but it was unclear whether this was a one off incident.

However, the vaccine court didn't recognize Bruesewitz's claim because, 1 month before her case was filed, the type of complications she experienced were removed from a list of those entitled to compensation, based on epidemiological evidence that vaccines weren't the cause.

Until more epidemiological and basic research can be conducted to further parse out the associations between PD, cholesterol and statins, physicians and scientists should be cautious in promoting health benefits of statins for PD without a good understanding of clinical evidence and potential biological mechanisms, Huang advises.

The best available scientific evidence, both epidemiological and laboratory research, was weighed up by the US National Academy of Sciences in a 2006 report.

«There's mounting evidence now from epidemiological studies that prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides, and chlorpyrifos in particular, may be associated with detriments with IQ in children,» said Kim Harley, an environmental epidemiologist with the University of California, Berkeley who has studied effects of pesticide exposure on children in California farm towns.

Cell phones and cancer is a case study in the precautionary principle misapplied, because not only is there no epidemiological evidence of a causal connection, but physics shows that it is virtually impossible for cell phones to cause cancer.

Recommendations aimed at reducing the incidence of cancers associated with nutrition are based on limited but suggestive evidence from epidemiological studies and animal experiments

here is epidemiological evidence that links type B coxsackie virus (CVB) infection with heart disease, and research published on July 31st in PLOS Pathogens now suggests a mechanism by which early infection impairs the heart's ability to tolerate stress at later stages of life.

The researchers pooled data on 27276 women with endometrial cancer in 36 studies from North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and South Africa — virtually all the epidemiological evidence ever collected on the effect of oral contraceptives.

Epidemiological evidence has long suggested that one of the many benefits of the southern European diet is that it protects women against breast cancer.

Despite the reasonableness of thinking that it would reduce the risk of a range of age - related diseases, so far «the vast majority of the epidemiological data does not support the hypothesis that body iron stores are directly related to the risk of developing CHD,» (2) and there's no evidence that it's protective against any other age - related disorder.»

Epidemiological evidence has always suggested that resistance arose around this period, when the mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance carried on an SCCmec element, was horizontally transferred to an intrinsically sensitive strain of S. aureus.

«Our findings suggest further investigation into the potential of MC1R - activating agents as novel neuroprotective therapies for PD, and together with epidemiological evidence, may offer information that could guide those carrying MC1R variants to seek advice from dermatologists or neurologists about their personal risk for melanoma and Parkinson's disease,» lead author Xiqun Chen says in a statement.

They did not look at rats only, but other «animals» including humans and the rat studies were only part of their studies, which included epidemiological evidence and meta surveys.

The WHO's argument rests on epidemiological evidence from industrial and occupational exposure, populations that have been exposed to 10 - 1000 times the concentrations of TCDD compared to the general population.4 While admitting the absence of a strong case for the elevation of any specific cancer, they have compiled four major cohort studies to find a 40 percent increased risk for all cancers combined for «highly exposed» workers, the definition of which differed between studies.

The majority of epidemiological observations find no difference in cancer rates between vegetarians and omnivores but the quality of evidence is generally poor on this topic.

In Part I of this article, evidence from a wide range of peer - reviewed research, including in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical and randomized controlled trials, epidemiological studies, meta - analyses and reviews, was presented.

One cited study, which attributes stroke to excessive salt intake, is a meta - analysis of thirteen studies published between 1966 and 2008 in which most measurements of sodium intake were highly inaccurate estimates based on food frequency questionnaires.22 The second is a review of fifty - two studies, which concluded that strokes are not caused by excess sodium but rather by insufficient potassium, a finding that is consistent with the preponderance of evidence.23 Cordain ignores more recent large clinical and epidemiological studies, which have found that sodium intakes of less than 3 grams per day significantly increase cardiovascular risk.3, 4

Thus, the studies cited by Cordain regarding the association between sodium intake and autoimmune diseases found no epidemiological or clinical evidence that prevailing levels of sodium intake in the U.S. increase risk of autoimmune diseases such as MS and type 1 diabetes.

Looking at all the evidence — from epidemiological studies on diet and health, to biochemical studies on the minute mechanisms of disease — the potential health benefits of taking a standard daily multivitamin appear to outweigh the potential risks for most people.

The majority of people who drink them to lose weight are unsuccessful, and most epidemiological evidence and some clinical evidence has linked diet soda intake to increased obesity, even irrespective of caloric intake.

Significant epidemiological and clinical evidence has emerged that suggests AD belongs among the «diseases of civilization,» primarily caused by modern Western diets and lifestyles at odds with human physiology.

Epidemiological evidence and intervention studies clearly show that in humans saturated fat significantly worsen insulin - resistance, while monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids improve it through modifications in the composition of cell membranes which reflect at least in part dietary fat composition.

The third and most convincing type of evidence that long - term sleep habits are associated with the development of numerous diseases comes from tracking the sleep habits and disease patterns over long periods of time in individuals who are initially healthy (i.e., longitudinal epidemiological studies).

Observational and epidemiological evidence has shown higher rates of atherosclerosis in people with Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori infections (23, 24).

Consistent epidemiological evidence, particularly for depression, suggests an association between measures of diet quality and mental health, across multiple populations and age groups; these do not appear to be explained by other demographic, lifestyle factors or reverse causality.

In addition, there is epidemiological evidence that populations with «sufficient» or «high normal» dietary iodine intake have a higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis, compared with populations with deficient iodine intake.

My point is that there is irrefutable epidemiological and nutritional survey evidence showing American seniors suffer in statistically significant numbers from protein calorie malnutrition and that this deficiency contributes to muscle atrophy and asthenia (weakness) and that this loss of strength results in an inability to perform activities of daily living that diminish quality of life.

A more recent review, published in June 2010 in the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, delves into the neurobiology of sugar cravings and summarizes the epidemiological and experimental evidence concerning the effect of artificial sweeteners on weight.

Doll and Peto pointed out that epidemiological evidence regarding diet and cancer was largely indirect and noted the absence of reliable evidence regarding specific components of diet.

«This conclusion, which holds equally true for other diseases prevalent in developed societies, such as atherosclerosis [hardening and narrowing of the arteries], is clearly borne out by epidemiological evidence.

Our findings add to the growing body of evidence from epidemiological (26) and nonhuman models (27, 28) that indicate that overeating at night may contribute to weight gain.

A steady stream of animal and in vitro studies supplemented by epidemiological evidence and a smattering of preliminary human studies reveal numerous health benefits associated with these compounds.

Although much of the research has focused on individual components of whole grains, such as fiber or antioxidants, epidemiological evidence suggests that the whole (grain) food offers protection against a wide range of diseases that is greater than what is seen with any individual component.13 The array of nutrients and other components in whole grains are believed to have an additive and synergistic effect on health.