«We note that there are two subgroups of breast tumors by epigenome: one which we have called Epi - Basal, characterized by
loss of epigenetic marks causing breakage of chromosomes and the other that we have called Epi - Luminal B, that presents epigenetic inactivation of genes that should protect us from cancer and these altered cells can no longer do it.»
The specific pattern
of epigenetic marks in a cell type specifies identity and this epigenetic control is vital to what makes our cells different, for example a skin cell from a liver cell, when they all contain the same genetic instructions.
The researchers then analyzed the DNA to examine the
degree of an epigenetic mark called methylation, a chemical tag on genes related to whether they're «turned on» or «off.»
If mothers don't get enough folate, their unborn children may lay down an impaired
pattern of epigenetic marks that causes their genes to malfunction.
A team led by Dr Gavin Kelsey in the Babraham Institute and colleagues in Dresden and Munich studied a protein called MLL2 and discovered how it produces a distinctive pattern
of epigenetic marks that are needed for egg cell stasis.