Sentences with phrase «of epigenome»
Regarding the child, the importance of the intrauterine and early postnatal environments for metabolic programming and modifications of the epigenome is increasingly recognised, 12 — 14 particularly for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.15 Thus, GDM is related to macrosomia at birth (> 4 kg), to excess body fat and (central) obesity and to insulin secretion in infants and children, the obesity being in part mediated by maternal body mass index (BMI) or birth weight.16 — 23 Intrauterine exposure to GDM also doubles the risk for subsequent type 2 diabetes in offspring compared with offspring of mothers with a high genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes, but with normal glucose tolerance during the index pregnancy.24 Maternal prepregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain also predict high birth weight and adiposity during infancy.12 25 This is highly relevant, as up to 60 % — 70 % of women with GDM are overweight or obese before pregnancy.26 Finally, maternal lifestyle behaviour such as a high fat diet or lack of physical activity during pregnancy can influence offspring adiposity independent of maternal obesity.12 27
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The findings, which are published in the journal Nature Medicine, help to explain how alterations of the epigenome during the progression of obesity can trigger insulin resistance and diabetes.Obese individuals differ in their
«The small percentage of the epigenome that is subject to change over a lifetime can have a great impact on the behavior and function of genes,» says Ballestar.
«Most of the epigenome is set during embryogenesis and early development,» says Jean - Pierre Issa, director of the Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology at Temple University in Philadelphia.
Saturday, Oct. 21, 9:15 - 9:30 a.m., Room 220B, South Building Platform Presentation: Epigenetic modifications of innate immunity genes impact early - stage non-small cell lung cancer survival: An integrative analysis of epigenome and transcriptome in Caucasian population R. Zhang, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, et al
As knowledge of the epigenome grows, we continue to learn more about how the substances we consume and the social situations we inhabit influence the way our genes are expressed.
Finding just the right parts of the epigenome to treat, however, can be like finding a needle in a haystack.
We are now becoming aware of the epigenome.
Researchers at the University of California - San Francisco's Multiple Sclerosis Research Group conducted one of the most comprehensive examinations to date of the genome, and even part of the epigenome, of a set of identical twins, only one of whom had been stricken with MS. Scientists are sure MS is caused by some combination of genetic susceptibility and external trigger.
Our knowledge of the epigenome has lagged well behind our knowledge of the genome, partly because it's been difficult to study.
«Silencer» molecules, that control when a gene is turned on or off, are the products of the epigenome.
«The bugs are somehow driving gene expression in the host through alteration of the epigenome,» explains John Denu, a UW — Madison professor of biomolecular chemistry and a senior researcher at the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, and a co-author of the new study.
«The bugs are somehow driving gene expression in the host through alteration of the epigenome,» explains John Denu, a UW - Madison professor of biomolecular chemistry and a senior researcher at the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, and a co-author of the new study.
«Researchers develop new generation visual browser of epigenome.»
«This means that the drug is safe and those patients who had more changes of their epigenome responded more to the drug,» said Dr. Issa.
chroGPS, a global chromatin positioning system for the functional analysis and visualization of the epigenome.
Think of the epigenome as a complex software code, capable of inducing the DNA hardware to manufacture an impressive variety of proteins, cell types, and individuals.
While these advances laid the groundwork for understanding the «ins and outs» of the epigenome, the emergence of the new fields of toxicoepigenetics and environmental epigenetics has provided the opportunity to enhance our understanding of how chemical and non-chemical environments impact health and susceptibility.
«Therefore, risk assessors and toxicoepigenetics researchers need to have a forum to meet, discuss, and collaborate in order to bridge this gap and leverage the full potential of the epigenome as a mechanism - based endpoint that can inform risk assessment.»
The NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium has just published the largest collection of epigenomes characterized to date: 111 primary human tissues and cells profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation, and gene expression.
A subset of the epigenomes were therefore profiled for H3K27ac and H3K9ac, which mark increased activation of enhancer and promoter regions.
Not exact matches
According to their logic one CS could mess up the epigenome of all generations to follow — but then wouldn't one vaginal delivery just fix everything again?
All of these interventions, we believe, may have an implication or may cause changes in the epigenome that can have later impacts on health outcomes.»
«During childbirth we know that there are a lot of changes that occur in the genome and in the epigenome based on things that can happen in the environment — anything from things occurring in the actual environment of the mother giving birth to interventions that can occur during the birth process.
In new work published online September 14 in Nature Communications, they are the first to show that the speed at which the epigenome changes with age is associated with lifespan across species and that calorie restriction slows this process of change, potentially explaining its effects on longevity.
Furthermore, interactions between the environment and the epigenome may provide mechanistic insight into many toxicological phenomena that are not well - understood, such as non-genotoxic carcinogenesis, age - based windows of susceptibility, developmental reprogramming by early life exposures, and trans - generational exposure effects.
While DNA and its 20,000 protein - coding genes can be thought of as static «hardware,» the epigenome is the «software» that coordinates its operation.
Although identical twins have the same genes as each other, their epigenomes — the collection of methyl marks studding their DNA — are different by the time they reach adulthood due in part to environmental factors.
Their work has made it increasingly clear that for all the popular attention devoted to genome - sequencing projects, the epigenome is just as critical as DNA to the healthy development of organisms, humans included.
A recent flurry of conferences have forwarded the idea of creating an international epigenome project that could centralize the data, set goals for different groups, and standardize the technology for decoding epigenetic patterns.
Biologists now know that the genome sequence holds only a small part of the answer, and that key elements of development and disease are controlled by the epigenome — a set of chemical modifications, not encoded in DNA, that orchestrate how and when genes are expressed.
More and more, researchers are finding that an extra bit of a vitamin, a brief exposure to a toxin, even an added dose of mothering can tweak the epigenome — and thereby alter the software of our genes — in ways that affect an individual's body and brain for life.
Our study shows that after that early programming state, after weaning, and after the lactation period, when we introduced a new type of diet it changed the epigenome in a way that actually affects metabolism and potentially will reduce some of the damage caused by an early - life high - fat exposure,» Pan says.
Baylor College of Medicine obstetrician and geneticist Ignatia Van den Veyver suggests that once we understand the connection between our epigenome and diseases like cancer, lifelong «methylation diets» may be the trick to staying healthy.
Those instructions are found not in the letters of the DNA itself but on it, in an array of chemical markers and switches, known collectively as the epigenome, that lie along the length of the double helix.
Until recently, the pattern of an individual's epigenome was thought to be firmly established during early fetal development.
«But we know that the expression of these factors is inducing changes in the epigenome, and those are leading to benefits at the cellular and organismal level.»
The genome has long been known as the blueprint of life, but the epigenome is life's Etch A Sketch: Shake it hard enough, and you can wipe clean the family curse.
Your parents winning the lottery or going bankrupt when you're 2 years old will likely affect the epigenome of your brain, and your resulting emotional tendencies, far more strongly than whatever fortune finds you in middle age.
To make things more complex, there's the epigenome — the chemical modifications to DNA that help control which genes are turned on and off — and the transcriptome, the full range of RNAs that translate DNA's blueprints so they can be used to make proteins.
Analysis of liver gene expression patterns of the exposed rats found that the endocrine disruptors induced developmental reprogramming of the animals» epigenomes.
His laboratory develops and deploys new biochemical and computational methods in functional genomics, to elucidate the genetic basis of human disease and human physiology, and to create and deploy novel techniques in next - generation sequencing and algorithms for tumor evolution, genome evolution, DNA and RNA modifications, and genome / epigenome engineering.
His group also works with NASA to build integrated molecular portraits of genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, and metagenomes for astronauts, which help establish the molecular foundations and genetic defenses for enabling long - term human spaceflight.
Researchers in Keele University's Research Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine and at the Haywood Rheumatology Centre, in Staffordshire, UK, and the University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, have for the first time identified disease - associated changes to the DNA epigenome in joint fluid cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
«We are not fixing the gene; the mutation is still there,» says Belmonte, «Instead, we are working on the epigenome and the mice recover the expression of other genes in the same pathway.
The epigenome is malleable and may harbor traces of life events that influence disease susceptibility, such as smoking, depression and menopause, which may influence susceptibility to Alzheimer's and other diseases.»
The research groups then examined the landscape of the pancreatic cancer epigenome using a combination of stains on patient tissues, direct examination of the proteins that wrap DNA and whole - genome sequencing of the detected epigenetic changes to map precisely where they were located.
He adds, «Until now, no one has investigated the sperm epigenome in the context of environmental exposures.
Aware that cancers rewire their metabolism in ways that could change the epigenome and that distant metastases in pancreatic cancer naturally spread to organs fed by a sugar - rich blood supply, the researchers wondered if the tumor cells had altered the way they use the basic form of sugar, glucose.
In the last 15 years, researchers worldwide have generated a large amount of information about the epigenome: proteins, factors and epigenetic markers which, when bound to DNA, regulate gene expression.