Radiographic signs
of epiphyseal dysgenesis (underdeveloped epiphyses throughout the long bones), shortened vertebral bodies, and delayed epiphyseal closure are common.
Accelerated rates of bone growth and bone remodeling act in concert to produce a pattern
of epiphyseal spongiosa that is composed of fine trabecular systems that are spaced relatively far apart and that are ultimately less strong per unit area than in small breeds of dogs.
At puberty, oestrogen promotes skeletal maturation and the gradual, progressive closure
of the epiphyseal growth plate, possibly as a consequence of both oestrogen - induced vascular and osteoplastic invasion and the termination of chondrogenesis.
Although the child may be taller than the other kids in early childhood, this early growth spurt finishes early (because
of epiphyseal fusion), and final height ends up shorter than usual.
Because antirachitic bioassays were used to establish «rat units» for vitamin D (ie, the amount of vitamin D required for recalcification
of the epiphyseal end of tibiae in rats), early workers found it extremely difficult to distinguish between the specific biological value of the 2 forms.
Not exact matches
Common possible underlying musculoskeletal abnormalities that may contribute to PL include torsion and / or bowing
of the distal femur, tibial deformity, displacement and / or atrophy
of the quadriceps, femoral
epiphyseal dysplasia, shallow trochlear groove with hypoplastic or absent trochlear ridges, hip dysplasia, and rotational instability
of the stifle joint.4, 5
The growth plate becomes a stable, inactive, part
of the bone, now known as an
epiphyseal line.
The five most common indications for a FHO included degenerative joint disease, avascular necrosis
of the femoral head, capital
epiphyseal and femoral neck fracture, comminuted acetabular or pelvic fracture, and non-reducible or chronic coxofemoral luxation.
Other useful diagnostic aids include comparison
of height with that
of littermates, evidence
of delayed
epiphyseal closure or dysgenesis on skeletal radiographs, and skin biopsy.
Excessive biomechanical loading
of the inadequately supported
epiphyseal articular cartilage leads to secondary disturbances in the nutrition, metabolism, function and viability
of the chondrocytes in the developing joint surface.
Miniature Poodles with inherited
epiphyseal chondrodysplasia are rhizomelic (it seems the shortness
of their limbs comes primarily from the retardation
of growth nearest the hips and shoulders) and often have ventrodorsal compression
of the chest and enlarged joints.