Sentences with phrase «of equilibrium systems»

A challenging topic of research has been the application of classical thermodynamics to out of equilibrium systems, e.g., granular gas and materials, the construction of phase diagrams in hard sphere packing in 3D, and plasma.

Not exact matches

In the past, you cited an article «Systemic equilibrium in a Bretton Woods II - type international monetary system» by Austin in the Journal of Post Keynesian Economics that explained this in detail.

Both do general equilibrium analysis, trying to understand the interaction between parts of a whole system, with lots of positive and / or negative feedback loops.

Instead, duplication of credit between deficit and surplus countries has kept the system far from equilibrium while sending global relative debt to record levels.

In a floor system, banks are kept flush with excess reserves, and monetary control is exercised, not be adjusting the quantity of reserves so as to achieve a particular equilibrium federal funds rate, but by manipulating the interest rate the Fed pays on banks» required and excess reserves holdings, alone or along with the Fed's overnight reverse - repo (ON - RRP) rate.

He would argue that Leclerc's notion of «physical existence» applies not only to our more typical notion of a molecule of water, or of sugar, or of hemoglobin (all of similar type), but also to examples of crystals, which are markedly different, and to systems of chemical reaction which persist far from equilibrium.

No particular experiences are lined up with any particular statements in the interior of the field, except indirectly through considerations of equilibrium affecting the field as a whole... Any statement can be held true, come what may, if we make drastic enough adjustments elsewhere in the system.10

But the manner of change in living things is not exhausted by the facts of dynamic equilibrium in homeostatic open systems.

It is by avoiding the rapid decay into an inert system of equilibrium that a thunderstorm appears so extraordinary.

Dissipative structures, in contrast to equilibrium structures, exist in open - systems and require interaction with the rest of the world in order to maintain themselves in being.

11 Richard M. Noyes and Richard J. Field, «Mechanisms of Chemical Oscillators: Experimental Examples,» Accounts of Chemical Research 10 (1977), 273 - 80; Joel Keizer, «Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and the Stability of States Far from Equilibrium,» Accounts of Chemical Research 12 (1979), 243 - 49; Richard M. Noyes, «Oscillations in Homogeneous Systems,» Ber.

In a new dissipative structure (either a steady state or a limit cycle), concentrations of chemicals and rates of mass - transfer between the system and surroundings will not be those characteristic of the previous equilibrium state (or the nonequilibrium steady state that corresponds to it under conditions of instability) but rather they will be the (perhaps quite different) average values which pertain to the new structure.

[C] hance plays a decisive role in the choice of new structures, by taking the system farther and farther away from equilibrium in an unpredictable direction.

By contrast, in «near equilibrium» thermodynamic systems, also known as the linear «Onsager regime,» the physical state tends toward maximum disorder (i.e., minimum negative entropy), while maintaining the temporal symmetry of classical Newtonian mechanics.

When we are dealing with something like the exploitation of visa labour by unethical labour hire companies and the farmers they serve, those farmers aware of the labour companies» methods, change can be stimulated by disturbing the equilibrium of the system you wish to replace.

Anne Cooper of Equilibrium Roasters, based in in Melbourne, Australia, ran the coffee classes, which included introductory coffee cupping, cupping analysis tools, choosing the proper roasting system, and sensory training, where participants wore special glasses to hinder their eyesight in order to heighten their other senses.

-LRB-...) in the authors under consideration, the goal of life extension has been associated with a striving for stability and equilibrium, desiring to stabilize and thus perpetuate the current state of the body or personality, and the present social system.

«We have long argued that only radical legal reform will halt the rising costs of claims and restore some equilibrium to the system and have been fighting for this through our Fair Compensation campaign.

Biden likened the moment to a case of «punctuated equilibrium,» a concept borrowed from evolution studies that show how stable systems can change abruptly when challenged.

The International Astronomical Union defines «planet» as a celestial body that, within the Solar System that is in orbit around the Sun; has sufficient mass for its self - gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape; and has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit; or within another system, it is in orbit around a star or stellar remnants; has a mass below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium; and is above the minimum mass / size requirement for planetary status in the Solar SSystem that is in orbit around the Sun; has sufficient mass for its self - gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape; and has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit; or within another system, it is in orbit around a star or stellar remnants; has a mass below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium; and is above the minimum mass / size requirement for planetary status in the Solar Ssystem, it is in orbit around a star or stellar remnants; has a mass below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium; and is above the minimum mass / size requirement for planetary status in the Solar SystemSystem.

Setting each of the qubits in its own heat bath, each at a different temperature, throws the system out of equilibrium.

The researchers found that even with the molecular motors driving the system out of equilibrium, the defects were still able to sense the curvature, with the +1 / 2 defects migrating towards the region of positive curvature and the -1 / 2 defects migrating towards the region of negative curvature.

The team took the system, forced it out - of - equilibrium using a driving force, and subsequently switched the force off to measure the vibrational amplitude as the energy of the system decayed.

But the behavior of systems that are far from equilibrium, which are connected to the outside environment and strongly driven by external sources of energy, could not be predicted.

The molecules coming to rest — at least on the macroscopic level — is the result of thermalization, or of reaching equilibrium after they have achieved uniform saturation within the system.

The «temporary - worker model» the United States uses to staff its labs «is completely out of equilibrium, [because] the country doesn't have the absorptive capacity» to provide career employment — rather than just temporary jobs — to all of the young scientists that the system produces, Gerbi continues.

They applied the trick to describe other out - of - equilibrium phase transitions, such as a dynamic Mott transition and a spin system, and saw the results agreed with either observed experiments or simulations.

«The natural tendency of the particles would be to get back to its equilibrium state and reform the membrane,» explains physicist Tomasz Grzegorczyk of BAE Systems in Burlington, Massachusetts.

Homeostasis is the property of an open system, especially living organisms, to regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable, constant condition, by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments, controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms.

But whereas Einstein's work was on equilibrium systems, Mayor is studying systems that are out of equilibrium.

«A rainstorm, this rotating fan, these systems are all out of equilibrium,» said study co-author of the Valerii Vinokur, an Argonne Distinguished Fellow and member of the joint Argonne - University of Chicago Computation Institute.

In these scenarios, the visual motion cues that users see are at odds with the physical motion cues that they receive from their inner ears» vestibular system, the cues that provide us with our sense of motion, equilibrium, and spatial orientation.

Two Argonne physicists offered a way to mathematically describe a particular physics phenomenon called a phase transition in a system out of equilibrium (that is, with energy moving through it) by using imaginary numbers.

The idea of climate inertia is that when you increase the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere it takes the climate system a good deal of time for all its components to fully adjust and reach a new equilibrium temperature.

«Recent lab experiments studying behavior of a group of individuals show that economic systems may deviate significantly from rational efficient equilibrium at both individual and aggregate levels.

We estimated the DV for each voxel, which corresponds to the equilibrium measurement of the ratio of the radiotracer's tissue concentration to that of its plasma concentration using a graphical analysis technique for reversible systems (38).

One common measure of climate sensitivity is the amount by which global mean surface temperature would change once the system has settled into a new equilibrium following a doubling of the pre-industrial CO2 concentration.

It is the downwelling that reduces the rate at which energy is leaves the climate system until the temperature of the system rises enough that the rate at which energy enters the system equals the rate at which energy leaves the system — and a new equilibrium is established.

If you doubled CO2 and let the system come into equilibrium, the imbalance you'd measure from space would be zero — but there would still be about 4 W / m ** 2 of radiative forcing from the change in CO2.

This takes a big bite out of the outgoing IR spectrum and throws the system out of equilibrium.

2016's Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have taken molecular systems out of equilibrium's stalemate and into energy - filled states in which their movements can be controlled.

Charney (equilibrium) climate sensitivity is a (partial) indication of the system repsonse to instantly doubling CO2.

You have to look at how the added ghgs — both CO2 and H2O respond to the altered IR spectrum and how all of the feedbacks and temperature evolve as the system moves again toward equilibrium.

These less acknowledged mechanisms of interaction and molecular control might have made the initial pathways to prebiotic systems evolution more intricate, but were surely essential for sustaining far - from - equilibrium chemical dynamics, given their functional relevance in all modern cells.

That role is performed by the unstable modes («control modes») which alter the position and stability of the local equilibria that drive the time - evolution of the system.»

Vegetables (as well as fruit) also supply us with fiber that binds itself to old estrogen, thereby clearing it out of the system, leading to better overall equilibrium.

If you can develop a strong internal sense of this line, it will help your nervous system calibrate movements that maintain equilibrium around the line.

One very important factor in health, and even survival, is the ability of the body to maintain homeostasis — the equilibrium between different organs and systems.

There is an important relationship, I believe, in the relationship between our health and gravity: when squatting, with all our weight in equilibrium over our feet, every part of our system is working in harmony to keep us in balance.

Research has also shown that this type of breathing exercise can significantly increase the effectiveness of the parasympathetic nervous system, or the «rest - and - digest» system that automatically kicks in when we relax or sleep to help restore our body's equilibrium.