Not exact matches
Ethanol and biodiesel can both be used in bio-jet fuel, but the technologies to convert plant - derived oil to jet fuel are at an advanced stage
of development,
yield high energy efficiency and are ready for large - scale deployment.
The cellulosic
ethanol process we developed was unique because it did not require multiple processing steps and the use
of expensive laboratory - modified enzymes, the
ethanol bioprocessing system uses significantly less water and energy in
ethanol production resulting in larger
yields per ton
of biomass.
«Our method
of direct conversion
of ethanol offers a pathway to produce suitable hydrocarbon blend - stock that may be blended at a refinery to
yield fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel or commodity chemicals,» Narula said.
Previous studies on switchgrass plots suggested that
ethanol made from the plant would
yield anywhere from 343 % to 700 %
of the energy put into growing the crop and processing it into biofuel.
After crunching the numbers, Vogel and his colleagues found that
ethanol produced from switchgrass
yields 540 %
of the energy used to grow, harvest, and process it into
ethanol.
That result contrasts sharply with a controversial study published just over a year ago in Science that suggested that a mixture
of prairie grasses farmed with little fertilizer or other inputs would produce a higher net energy
yield than
ethanol produced from corn (Science, 8 December 2006, p. 1598).
But
yields from a grass that only needs to be planted once would deliver an average
of 13.1 megajoules
of energy as
ethanol for every megajoule
of petroleum consumed — in the form
of nitrogen fertilizers or diesel for tractors — growing them.
These facilities and those that follow will be driven by the same dynamic as grain
ethanol, namely that industry profitability will be driven by ongoing reduction
of processing costs such as enzymes and energy, as well as by increasing
yields.
These strains
of yeast have the ability to grow anaerobically on xylose at rates equivalent to those on glucose, to consume > 95 percent
of the xylose present, even under toxic conditions, and to ferment this xylose to
ethanol at high
yield.
Mascoma has developed yeast that can be dropped into all cellulosic
ethanol fermentation processes to increase
yields by fermenting the full array
of sugars present in cellulosic fermentations, and by secreting enzymes (cellulases and hemicellulases) that can improve hydrolysis
yields.
The media speak
of Algae oil, several recent articles in the media, or grasses that increase existing
ethanol yields by up to 250 % (recently reported again in the UK media),
of CCS trials in Australia,
of CCS ready power stations (hillarious to be fair) and
of wind and solar farms portrayed as if they will solve our carbon emissions issues.
A mixture
of 3 - methoxybenzaldehyde (50 g, 367.64 mmol) and (2, 4 - dimethylphenyl) hydrazine hydrochloride (63.23 g, 367.64 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, the obtained solid was filtered off, washed with
ethanol and dried under vacuum to afford hydrazone hydrochloride 1 (95.94 g) in 90 %
yield as a light brown solid.
With the help
of the nanotechnology - based catalyst which contains multiple reaction sites, the solution
of carbon dioxide dissolved in water turned into
ethanol with a
yield of 63 percent.
Using higher volume blends
of ethanol to leverage the alcohol's inherent high octane rating to produce
ethanol - gasoline blends with higher octane numbers could
yield «substantial societal benefits», according to a team
of researchers from Ford Motor Company.
For example, a farmer in northern Iowa could plant an acre in corn that
yields enough grain to produce roughly $ 1,000 worth
of fuel - grade
ethanol per year, or he could use that same acre to site a turbine producing $ 300,000 worth
of electricity each year.
While Q Microbe is not a GMO — it is a naturally occurring anaerobe that lives under the soil — the company is confident that the patents it is pursuing on the use
of the microbe for
ethanol production will
yield a valuable intellectual property portfolio.
Ethanol can be extracted, with varying degrees of complexity, from all three main components of corn: the endosperm, the germ, and the fiber — the latter two yielding cellulosic e
Ethanol can be extracted, with varying degrees
of complexity, from all three main components
of corn: the endosperm, the germ, and the fiber — the latter two
yielding cellulosic
ethanolethanol.
Corn to
ethanol yields per acre are around 40 %
of sugar cane to
ethanol yields, so I calculate that it would take 100 %
of all the agricultural cropland
of the USA to generate its current gasoline demand.
The process is able to
yield more than 100 gallons
of ethanol per ton
of dry biomass.
Almost all
of this derives from corn, with one bushel
of corn
yielding about 2.7 gallons
of ethanol and about 28 %
of the U.S. corn crop going toward
ethanol production.
The National Commission on Energy Policy reported in December that, if fleet mileage in the U.S. rises to 40 mpg — somewhat below the current European Union fleet average for new vehicles
of 42 mpg and well below the current Japanese average
of 47 mpg - then as switchgrass
yields improve modestly to around 10 tons / acre it would take only 30 million acres
of land to produce sufficient cellulosic
ethanol to fuel half the U.S. passenger fleet.
The company says the process improves
yields and the economics
of cellulosic
ethanol, which to date have been decidedly grim.
Hemp grown for both seed and biomass has a stalk
yield of up to 3.5 tons per acre, which would make it an economical source
of cellulose for
ethanol production.
First, their list
of future - leaning companies
yielded up an intriguing census
of the exotic segments and niches that look ready to create the next low - carbon economy: concentrated solar systems, smart grid applications, cellulosic
ethanol production, synthetic genomics, algae biodiesel, carbon - negative cement.
PS Sugar cane
ethanol yields per acre are around twice as high as those from corn (but sugar cane does not grow in most
of the US).
«pasture and range land, 587 million acres (25.9 percent); cropland, 442 million acres» http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB14/ 442 million acres
of cropland would
yield 177 billion gallons
of ethanol (at 400 gallons
of EtOH / acre), compared to the current consumption
of gasoline
of ~ 140 billion gallons.
via: Technology Review Biofuels Brazil May Restrict
Ethanol Plants in One
of the World's Most Spectacular Wetlands New Method
of Ethanol Production
Yields Water as Byproduct Cyanobacteria that Crap
Ethanol
Renewable Energy World reports that, according to preliminary estimates, Agave tequilana weber could
yield up to 2,000 gallons
of ethanol per acre per year.
Now, sludge is about 25 percent solids, so we can surmise that there is about 61 tons
of Recyllose in there, which in Qteros»
yield range gives us about 7,320 - 8,235 gallons
of ethanol per month, or just south
of 100,000 gallons per year.
Most
ethanol produced in the United States is currently derived from corn, a relatively poor feedstock given its low
yield and high fertilizer requirements which have been linked to water pollution, the expanded «dead zone» in the Gulf
of Mexico, and significant greenhouse gas emissions.
He estimated that a typical hectare
of rainforest with 200 tons
of harvestable biomass could
yield 15,000 gallons
of ethanol once cellulosic technology is commercial.
Switchgrass a better biofuel source than corn (1/7/2008) Switchgrass
yields more than 540 percent more energy than the energy needed to produce and convert it to
ethanol, making the grassy weed a far superior source for biofuels than corn
ethanol, reports a study published in Proceedings
of the National Academy
of Sciences (PNAS).