But the problem
of false positives from picking up unrelated information — what scientists call «artifact» — is still a problem for consumer companies to solve, and the technology that she has seen so far is very rudimentary.
Not exact matches
Specifically, the task force says the «harms and costs
of false -
positive results, over diagnosis and overtreatment» outweigh any «significant reductions in the relative risk
of death
from breast cancer.»
Does the risk
of false positive results outweigh the benefit
of preventing a small number
of deaths
from breast cancer?
Unless you think the amounts
of the decay element are varying just the right amount to give a
false positive to highly repeatable tests and calibrations
from samples all over the world (and beyond with meteorites), then you are wrong.
Let the
positive word come first, so that the gospel may undercut the fears which cause men to harden their minds and hearts against any criticism; but then the word
of judgment is needed to prevent all that is
positive in the gospel
from creating
false peace
of mind in personal life or complacency about our national culture.
Their
positive meaning is lit up only by the fact that in this act He is this God and therefore the true God, distinguished
from all
false gods by the fact that they are not capable
of this act, that they have not in fact accomplished it, that their supposed glory and honour and eternity and omnipotence not only do not include but exclude their self - humiliation.
Which brings us back to Oona Stannard's clear and public statement on 25 February that the Government's «draft guidance is a
positive step forward -LSB-... It] helps support schools in counteracting [
false impressions
of relationships]
from within their own carefully planned SRE programmes.»
But because issues ranging
from delays in reporting to
false positives can sometimes occur, Wilkerson suggests asking the baby's pediatrician to confirm it came back and if there were any areas
of concern.
Highland Park's system will be on
from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., when the parks are open, to minimize disturbing neighbors with «
false positives,» said Calvin Bernstein, the chairman
of the district's Finance Committee and a strong advocate
of acquiring the system.
She points out that the test would have to have a very low rate
of false positives to avoid putting healthy people at risk
of picking up diseases
from other, genuinely infected people.
For criminal investigators, if the database contains 10 close calls that resemble the print
from the crime scene, that's a significant complication, because by definition at least 9
of those 10 are
false positives.
Unfortunately, many other viruses
from the same family, known as flaviviruses, have similar versions
of NS1 and can produce a
false positive.
As the authors note, the blood test's» accuracy may be even higher as some
of the «
false positives» — healthy cases mischaracterized as AD — may be
from subjects who are actually
positive for pre-symptomatic manifestations
of Alzheimer's.
The risk
of incurring an unnecessary biopsy because
of a
false positive exam increased in this study,
from 1 in 100 women with mammography to 4 in 100 women with mammography plus MBI.
In rare cases, for example, the signal
from a gamma ray may approach the expected signal
of a dark matter particle, and proper calibration helps to rule out similar
false positive signals.
Given the lack
of mortality benefit
of screening, and the moderate to substantial harms that could result
from false -
positive screeningtest results and subsequent surgery, the USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that the harms
of screening for ovarian cancer outweigh the benefit, and the net balance
of the benefit and harms
of screening is negative.
«As we look at lessons learned
from this outbreak, the high
false -
positive screening rate and other delays in diagnosis may have resulted in unprotected exposure
of frontline staff.
Dr. Hodgson cautions that «
false positives»
from MRI screening are common given that this scanning method is so sensitive it detects many changes in breast tissue, most
of which are not cancer.
The results indicate that
from the age
of 25 to 39 about a third
of patients will have a
false positive, and as screening extends to age 75, almost 80 per cent
of women screened with MRI will have at least one
false positive.
Researchers believe there are two explanations for the very high
false positive results
from the first stage
of the screening process.
Whereas technically the potential threats detected by the system in the past were not
false positives — they did accurately pick up tiny, background amounts
of DNA
from organisms naturally present in the environment — in effect, they were
false alarms because they signaled the potential occurrence
of a terrorist attack when none had occurred.
Spotting these reactions requires a huge detector the size
of a small office building, housed about a mile underground to shield it
from cosmic rays that could yield
false positive results.
And skilled staff in good laboratories can almost always distinguish genuine infection
from a
false positive by carrying out an array
of tests.
«At this point, we have no way
of knowing if these derive
from an as - yet - unknown archaic group, or are simply
false positives,» says Svante Pääbo
of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.
Follow - up interviews were obtained
from 1,028
of the women (534 with negative results, 494 with
false -
positive results).
Classifications
of the type
of false positive (indicated by the lower lines in Fig. 2) could be derived only for candidates resolved
from follow - up observations.
Results
from these tests provide also in many cases insights into the nature
of the sources
of the
false positives, which are generally produced by one
of several kinds
of configurations involving eclipsing binaries (EB).
In addition, tomosynthesis, which provides 3D - like views, may also lessen exposure
from diagnostic workups if early evidence
of reduced
false -
positives holds up in larger studies.
The high - amplitude region
of depths over 5 % is not covered by candidates in the follow - up program, because the eclipse depth as such identifies these cases as
false positives in planet finding, excluding them automatically
from follow - up observations.
Detecting antineutrinos requires a huge detector the size
of a small office building, housed about a mile underground to shield it
from cosmic rays that could yield
false positive results.
Factors affecting that difference apart
from those already mentioned are: the different angular distance
from a target within which EBs become diluted and cause a
false positive; here Brown uses a radius
of 20 whereas for CoRoT, diluted EBs found by the photometric follow - up infer a radius
of about 17 (Deeg et al. 2009).
Because
of these
false positives, a sequence
of tests - as originally outlined by Alonso et al. (2004)- is employed, beginning with detailed revisions
of the detection light - curves, and continuing for surviving candidates with follow - up observations, to either reject them
from the list
of planetary candidates or to verify their planetary nature.
Subcloncal phylogenetic structures in cancer revealed by ultra-deep sequencing had two aspects that appealed strongly to me — the use
of massively parallel sequencing to study leukemia, and a formalized algorithm to distinguish true variants
from false -
positives.
Most importantly, we also quantify and characterize the distribution and rate
of occurrence
of planets down to Earth size with no prior assumptions on their frequency, by subtracting
from the population
of actual Kepler candidates our simulated population
of astrophysical
false positives.
We rule out the possibility that the transits result
from an astrophysical
false positive by first identifying the subset
of stellar blends that reproduce the precise shape
of the light curve.
The transit signals were detected in photometric data
from the Kepler satellite, and were confirmed to arise
from planets using a combination
of large transit - timing variations, radial - velocity variations, Warm - Spitzer observations, and statistical analysis
of false -
positive probabilities.
We describe several new techniques for the identification
of background transit sources that are separated
from their target stars, indicating an astrophysical
false positive.
For three
of the transit signals, our results strongly disfavor the possibility that these result
from astrophysical
false positives.
We distill these candidates into sets
of 104 validated planets (57 in multi-planet systems), 30
false positives, and 63 remaining candidat... ▽ More We present 197 planet candidates discovered using data
from the first year
of the NASA K2 mission (Campaigns 0 - 4), along with the results
of an intensive program
of photometric analyses, stellar spectroscopy, high - resolution imaging, and statistical validation.
Low
False -
Positive Rate
of Kepler Candidates Estimated From A Combination Of Spitzer And Follow - Up Observatio
of Kepler Candidates Estimated
From A Combination
Of Spitzer And Follow - Up Observatio
Of Spitzer And Follow - Up Observations
That same story,
from National Public Radio, also reported that those screened face frightfully similar risks as women do with mammograms: a 24 percent chance
of a
false positive and perhaps having a needle needlessly plunged into the chest for a biopsy.
Rejecting Astrophysical
False Positives from the TrES Transiting Planet Survey: The Example
of GSC 03885 - 00829
Using these observations along with other constraints
from high resolution imaging and spectroscopy we are able to exclude the vast majority
of possible
false positives.
However, given the large number
of individuals that contributed to each RNA pool, it is unlikely that the genes for which we do detect differential expression represent
false positives arising
from high among - individual variance.
From subsequent follow - up observations, we rejected each
of these as an astrophysical
false positive, i.e. a stellar system containing an eclipsing binary, whose light curve mimics that
of a Jupiter - sized planet transiting a sun - like star.
Abstract: Wide - field searches for transiting extra-solar giant planets face the difficult challenge
of separating true transit events
from the numerous
false positives caused by isolated or blended eclipsing binary systems.
The photom... ▽ More Wide - field searches for transiting extra-solar giant planets face the difficult challenge
of separating true transit events
from the numerous
false positives caused by isolated or blended eclipsing binary systems.
Finally, there is the problem
of false positives, which arises
from the fact that some
of the most important molecules that contribute to the phenotype
of metastasis may not be the ones that are most widely expressed.
A combination
of sequencing data
from two different platforms, as suggested by Nothnagel et al. [5] for the reduction
of false positives in newly identified SNVs, is only
of limited use for combining the strengths in coverage
of different genomic regions.
For the LTQ - Orbitrap Velos data, the distribution
of mass deviation (
from the theoretical masses) was first determined as having a standard deviation (σ)
of 2.05 part per million (ppm), and a mass error
of smaller than 3σ was used in combination with Xcorr and ΔCn to determine the filtering criteria that resulted in < 1 %
false positive peptide identifications.