The heartworm is a type
of filarial worm, a small thread - like worm, that causes filariasis.
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by a species
of filarial round worms, or nematodes, transmitted by mosquitoes.
Not exact matches
While medications currently exist to treat lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, the two main diseases caused by
filarial nematodes, the drugs are insufficient to eliminate the diseases by 2020 and researchers project that resistance will arise to some
of the drugs.
Point -
of - care quantification
of blood - borne
filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope
Clinical samples from two groups
of individuals from the south Pacific island
of Mauke and from Ecuador — one group infected with
filarial worms causing lymphatic filariasis and a second group infected with intestinal roundworms Ascaris — revealed increased levels
of resistin in the infected individuals compared to those who were uninfected or immune.
But they do know that another
filarial parasite
of humans, Onchocerca volvulus, is very similar to the dog heartworm.
External mites (acariasis) are not a big problem in chameleons so I will limit this discussion to intestinal parasites, hemoparasites (in the blood) and lungworms, with a brief mention
of subcutaneous
filarial worms.
At the present time, heartworm disease caused by the
filarial helminth Dirofilaria immitis is not endemic in most
of the European countries (Greeve et al., 1983; Schrey, 1996).
When fixed using 2 per cent formalin, microfilariae
of D. immitis are 262 - 338 mm in length and 4 - 6,2 mm in width (Schrey, 1996), distinguishing them from the non-pathogenic
filarial larvae
of A. reconditum which are shorter and thinner (241 - 287 mm x 3,8 - 5 mm).
Mak JW, Yen PK, Lim KC, Ramiah N. (1980) Zoonotic implications
of cats and dogs in
filarial transmission in Peninsula Malaysia.
Dirofilaria repens is a zoonotic
filarial nematode parasite
of dogs, cats and wild carnivores transmitted by mosquitoes (Pampiglione et al., 1995).
First, the introduction
of melarsomine dihydrochloride in the mid-1990s revolutionized the treatment
of adult heartworm infection by providing superior efficacy via intramuscular administration.1 The next great leap forward in heartworm treatment came with the discovery that some
filarial worms harbor a type
of bacteria, Wolbachia, and that elimination
of these bacteria proved beneficial to the animal and reduced the complications
of disease.2