According to Wikipedia, it's a type of drywall manufactured in China out
of fly ash from coal - fired power plants.
3 %
of the fly ash gets into the air.
Fine particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) is released into the air in the form
of fly ash.
For every tonne
of fly ash used for a tonne of portland cement (the most common type of cement in general use around the world) approximately one tonne of carbon dioxide is prevented from entering the earth's atmosphere.
Project Drawdown defines alternative cement as: the use of an increased percentage
of fly ash instead of Portland cement in concrete.
U.S. power plants produce millions of tons
of fly ash annually, which is usually dumped in landfills.
But there are wider and more long - lived traces too, in the form of changed patterns of carbon isotopes (absorbed by every living thing) and in tiny, virtually indestructible particles
of fly ash released from furnaces and chimneys.
Tens of billions of tons of concrete are part of that signature, along with vast amounts of smelted aluminum and more exotic alloys, distinctive spherical particles
of fly ash from power plants, bomb radioisotopes, 6 billion tons (and counting) of plastic, and so much more.
Plants grown with smaller amounts
of fly ash have fared much better.
Crops grown in quantities
of fly ash ranging from 5 to 20 percent of soil weight absorbed toxic metals, according to a study by Indiana State University researchers.
The company uses 250 tons
of fly ash per day to mix with bio-solids, said Raymond Mayo, Florida N - Viro plant manager.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains an online database
of fly ash — based uranium content for sites across the U.S..
In a 1978 paper for Science, J. P. McBride at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and his colleagues looked at the uranium and thorium content
of fly ash from coal - fired power plants in Tennessee and Alabama.
The walls are of concrete block with a high content
of fly ash, a waste product of coal - fired electric power generation that can be recycled as a replacement for portland cement.
Not exact matches
Its last remaining scheduled carrier, Air Canada Jazz (created, ironically, from the
ashes of Air Ontario), had essentially given up on it,
flying fewer than 100,000 passengers through it annually.
It's got ta compete with agriculture, transportation (transporting the
fly -
ash isn't free either), other forms
of manufacturing.
It is possible that the creation
of cement will not be as bad as the pollution from coal - mining; however, in regards to «With the elimination
of fly -
ash alternatives, cement creation will quickly be the leading cause
of green house gases» — If it is a top creator now, and we increase the usage, would you not expect it to climb the list?
With the elimination
of fly -
ash alternatives, cement creation will quickly be the leading cause
of green house gases.
For those not aware,
fly -
ash is a biproduct
of coal mining that is used as a substitute for cement in concrete mixes.
Fly -
ash's chemical reaction is much less aggressive than that
of cement, and so sets up significantly slower.
You're suggesting the end
of fly -
ash in cement production will make it leap frog electricity, agriculture, transportation, and more.
While straight cement is definitely a stronger mix,
fly -
ash mixes get the job done easily surpassing code requirements; and, from a finisher's perspective, are much easier to get on grade, stay ahead
of, and put a good finish on.
A large issue is the production
of fly -
ash.
Because
of the incident, Stokes has not
flown to Australia with the England squad in October for the current
Ashes series as the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) said the player would not be selected «at this stage».
View a slide show
of the world's first carbon capture and storage facility in operation The small stream
of flue gas travels to the carbon - capture unit through plastic pipes reinforced with fiberglass and is cooled to between — 1 and 21 degrees Celsius from the 55 - degree C temperature at which it emerges from the other environmental technology add - ons that strip out the
fly ash, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
The sentence marked with an asterisk was changed from «In fact,
fly ash — a by - product from burning coal for power — and other coal waste contains up to 100 times more radiation than nuclear waste» to «In fact, the
fly ash emitted by a power plant — a by - product from burning coal for electricity — carries into the surrounding environment 100 times more radiation than a nuclear power plant producing the same amount
of energy.»
At one extreme, the scientists estimated
fly ash radiation in individuals» bones at around 18 millirems (thousandths
of a rem, a unit for measuring doses
of ionizing radiation) a year.
Fly ash is also disposed
of in landfills and abandoned mines and quarries, posing a potential risk to people living around those areas.
Robert Finkelman, a former USGS coordinator
of coal quality who oversaw research on uranium in
fly ash in the 1990s, says that for the average person the by - product accounts for a miniscule amount
of background radiation, probably less than 0.1 percent
of total background radiation exposure.
«In the very top
of these sediment cores we take, we get these
fly ash indicators,» explains Leeds geologist Graeme Swindles, lead author
of a paper published in Scientific Reports on May 28 (Scientific American and Scientific Reports are part
of Nature Publishing Group.)
Scientists drilling ice cores out
of Greenland have found lead from
fly ash, a byproduct
of coal combustion, dating back to the era.
That soot,
fly ash or whatever you want to call it is borne aloft by the hot gases
of combustion before settling gently back to Earth in lungs, into lakes and the sea or onto the landscape.
«Traces
of pollution,
fly ash particles coming in, evidence
of recent climate change — all the records from that site basically look like hockey sticks.»
To reduce use on Portland cement, the material responsible for 7 percent
of global CO2 emissions, Bullitt uses
fly ash (a waste product
of coal burning) to create cement.
Saudi Arabia doesn't have any
fly ash, but it has mountains
of pozzolan.»
Prata says sensors like those he is developing at the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) in Kjeller could keep planes
flying by letting them finesse the educated guesses
of models to reveal
ash - free patches and routes.
On June 17 the volcano began hurling clouds
of ash and billowing smoke 20,000 feet into the atmosphere; chunks
of molten rock, some
of them reportedly the size
of cars,
flew hundreds
of feet.
Most solutions involve pumping some combination
of mud or
fly ash combined with an inert gas or water, but the mixture does not always flow thoroughly enough to cover the burning coal, and it can crack when dried, allowing oxygen to get back in.
Landfills in Korea accumulate more than 250,000 tons
of oyster shells each year, while coal - fired power plants churn out just as much
fly ash.
For some
of the captured contaminants, like
fly ash, this is a straightforward matter
of burying the waste in a landfill.
The Polk plant captures all its
fly ash, 98 percent
of its sulfur — which causes acid rain — and nearly all its nitrogen oxides, the main component
of the brown haze that hangs over many cities.
The zircon
flies out
of the crust in a luminous whirlwind
of hot gas and rock and is dumped in a thick layer
of volcanic
ash.
However,
fly ash contains various amounts
of toxic metals.
Fly ash is a fine powder recovered from gases created by the burning
of coal.
In addition to traditional asphalt concrete and cement concrete, the researchers also assessed several other material alternatives, such as reflective coatings and the use
of industrial waste products like slag and
fly ash, to replace some
of the energy - intensive cement in cement concrete.
Fly Ash Bricks In the process of generating electricity, U.S. coal plants spew more than 70 million tons a year of a radioactive waste called fly a
Fly Ash Bricks In the process
of generating electricity, U.S. coal plants spew more than 70 million tons a year
of a radioactive waste called
fly a
fly ash.
That, despite the fact that a 2005 study by James Sherwood, director
of the University
of Massachusetts Lowell Baseball Research Center, found no evidence that a baseball hit by a maple bat
flew farther than a baseball hit by an
ash bat.
«Much
of the research to date and the state -
of - practice pertaining to sustainable use
of structural concrete has focused on the partial replacement
of cement with industrial byproducts, such as
fly ash, slag and silica fume,» Kurama said.
The proposed technology is also designed to be part
of a vitrification process for coal
fly ash to reduce metal leaching.
Using the Saharan Air Layer as a proxy for volcanic
ash, the test aircraft will now
fly over the Atlantic Ocean west
of Morocco to prove the equipment can detect the fine particles
of sand at altitudes
of up to 20,000 feet and a distance
of around 100 km.