Sentences with phrase «of fracture fluids»

Data from 2,900 hydraulically fractured wells in the state were used to estimate potential releases of fracturing fluid chemicals and wastewater.

For the hydraulic fracturing system, the study estimated the toxicity of the fracturing fluid chemicals used to crack rock and release natural gas, as well as the wastewater associated with shale - gas extraction.

The researchers believe that a limited recovery of fracturing fluids — one well retrieved only 7 % of its fluids — pressurized a fault that extended down to the crystalline basement, resulting in the series of quakes over several months.

(This «produced water» is a mix of fracturing fluid and water from the rock layers being drilled.)

A 2014 report from the Groundwater Protection Council documented «continuous and significant regulatory improvement by state oil and gas agencies across the county» and concluded «the risk of fracture fluid intrusion into groundwater from the hydraulic fracturing of deeper conventional and unconventional oil and gas zones can be considered very low.»

Not exact matches

Marbles in metamorphic aureoles and iron - rich skarns appear to be favored sites for gold mineralization in these deposits, perhaps due to the rheological character, permeability after fracturing, and chemical reactivity of those rocks to alteration by hydrothermal fluids.

Signs of a skull fracture (a swollen, soft area on their scalp, blood in the whites of the eyes or blood or pink fluid draining from the ears or eyes.

Though the fluids were natural and not the byproduct of drilling or hydraulic fracturing, the finding further stokes the red - hot controversy over fracking in the Marcellus Shale, suggesting that drilling waste and chemicals could migrate in ways previously thought to be impossible.

High - volume hydraulic fracturing — the focus of recent attention and public concern — is defined by the state of Michigan as activity that is intended to use more than 100,000 gallons of hydraulic fracturing fluid.

Other human activites linked to seismic activity include hydraulic fracturing, in which a water mixture gets pumped underground to break up rocks and release gas, and fluid withdrawal, which can refer to the withdrawal of oil and gas, groundwater or hot water / steam for geothermal power, the USGS says.

Previous studies have shown that fracking fluids contain high levels of salts, barium and radioactive elements, in addition to human - made chemicals added in the process of hydraulic fracturing.

The chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing fluid are considered proprietary, and the magnitude and frequency of water - contamination events are not well - documented.

«It had previously been believed that hydraulic fracturing couldn't trigger larger earthquakes because the fluid volumes were so small compared to that of a disposal well,» Atkinson explained.

As hellish as the impact was, the team suspects that the buried peak ring itself may have been an early place for life to return, because of the nutrients in the hot fluid - filled fractures.

Even in a seemingly implausible accidental - release scenario in which all of a well's hydraulic fracturing fluid and untreated wastewater were discharged directly into surface waters for the lifetime of the well, shale - gas electricity had a lower lifetime human toxicity impact, or HTI, than coal electricity, according to the study.

Both fracking and wastewater injections can increase the fluid pressure in the natural pores and fractures in rock, or change the state of stress on existing faults, to produce earthquakes.

Of particular concern were compounds called adamantanes, a natural hydrocarbon found in gas that can be used to fingerprint its origin, and 2 - BE, listed as a common fracturing fluid in the EPA's 2004 research report on hydraulic fracturing.

«The presence of synthetic compounds such as glycol ethers... and the assortment of other organic components is explained as the result of direct mixing of hydraulic fracturing fluids with ground water in the Pavillion gas field,» the draft report states.

«The operation of an enhanced geothermal system uses the injection of a fluid (water or carbon dioxide) to extract thermal energy from the rock located a few thousand metres below the surface, and whose permeability has been improved or stimulated previously with fracturing processes,» explains César Chamorro, one of the authors.

«By using this process, the hydraulic fracturing industry will be able to infer how potential fluid injection operations can change the movement of the fault systems,» says the lead author of the study Jeoung Seok Yoon, Helmholtz - Centre Potsdam — GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences.

Those genes might show that peak ring microbes — descendants of those that lived after the impact — derive their energy not from carbon and oxygen, like most microbes, but from iron or sulfur deposited by hot fluids percolating through the fractured rock.

Instead of pumping millions of gallons of water and fracturing fluid into the earth, the company GasFrac used a liquefied petroleum gas gel — propane gas compressed into a thick fluid — to break up the rock.

But according to a panel of geologists at the AAAS Annual Meeting, the culprit isn't hydraulic fracturing, or «fracking,» in which geologists crack open subsurface rocks to extract oil and gas; instead, it's the processes associated with pumping wastewater and other fluids back into the ground.

A bill now under consideration on Capitol Hill would grant the EPA oversight of fracking and force drilling companies, which are currently exempt from portions of the Clean Water Act, to disclose the chemicals they use in fracturing fluids.

Researchers behind the latest study said that changing these parameters might lead to different horizontal extents of fractures from fluid injection points.

The group, led by Carlos Fernandez, Ph.D., at PNNL, has developed a new fracturing fluid that uses an environmentally friendly polymer to create tiny cracks in bedrock deep below the surface of the earth.

The team is planning lab studies to measure the level at which the fluid can be recycled as well as its ability to fracture larger pieces of rock.

They looked both at wells used for enhanced oil recovery — in which fluid is injected to flush lingering oil from a depleted reservoir — and at those used to dispose of wastewater from conventional oil and gas extraction or from hydraulic fracturing (fracking).

Tracer or sensor particles added to fracturing fluids help solve that problem, but there's plenty of room for optimization, especially in minimizing the volume of nanoparticles used now, he said.

Injecting fluids into the subsurface is one way of increasing the pore pressure and causing faults and fractures to «fail» more easily, thus inducing an earthquake.

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a method of hydrocarbon recovery that uses high - pressure injections of fluid to break apart rock and release trapped oil and natural gas.

«The fluid pressure in the pores and fractures of the rocks is called the «pore pressure.»

Modeling changes in the observed harmonic frequencies indicates that the spectral characteristics of seismic data can provide important information about hydraulic fracture geometry and fluid pressure at depth, leading to important insights into subglacial hydrologic processes.

Image courtesy: Michigan Department of Environmental QualityHigh - volume hydraulic fracturing — the focus of recent attention and public concern — is defined by the state of Michigan as activity that is intended to use more than 100,000 gallons of hydraulic fracturing fluid.

These observations suggest that there is a complex network of fluid - induced fracture processes at the glacier base.

In work that offers insight into the magnitude of the hazards posed by earthquake faults in general, seismologists have developed a model to determine the size of an earthquake that could be triggered by the underground injection of fluids produced as a by - product of hydraulic fracturing.

According to Gupta, who is part of the research team, StimuFrac consistently outperformed conventional fluids used for hydraulic fracturing and «is believed to have lower critical pore invasion pressure that provides further advantage over conventional fracking fluids.»

The injection of the hydraulic fracturing fluids creates channels for flow in the formations (often shale formations), allowing methane and other hydrocarbon gases and liquids in the formation to migrate to the production well.

I had to perform a panic stop, many years ago and the forces applied caused the seals on the slave cylinder of one wheel to fracture and blow out, leaking all the brake fluid.

Fluid used to activate the front brake pads could leak out and pieces of the fractured caliper / s could interfere with brake pad operation.

It is used to evaluate the size and shape of organs such as the heart and lungs, as well as to demonstrate fractures (broken bones), some foreign objects, fluid accumulations, and many more abnormalities that may aid in diagnosis.

If there is any fluid or air in the lungs, enlargement of the heart, air in the chest cavity, tumors, or fractures, a chest x-ray will determine if they are present.

Other factors include absence of pathologic fracture, less than 360 degree involvement of soft tissues and firm soft tissue mass versus an edematous (An excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue spaces or a body cavity) lesion.

• Evidence of joint fluid swelling • Absence of any fractures or bone cancer

X-rays are usually taken to confirm the presence of fluid in the joint which occurs with injury, the degree of arthritis, and to rule out any other injuries such as a fracture or dislocation.

How can one construct an identity in a world that is becoming more fractured, fluid, and less coherent; where traditional notions of class belonging, sexual identity, or the role of the artist seem to be constantly changing?

Budai, J. M., A. M. Martini, L. M. Walter, and T. C. W. Ku, 2002, Fracture - fill calcite as a record of microbial methanogenesis and fluid migration: a case study from the Devonian Antrim Shale, Michigan basin: Geofluids, v. 2, p. 163183.

The study found no evidence of contamination from chemical - laden fracking fluids, which are injected into gas wells to help break up shale deposits, or from «produced water,» wastewater that is extracted back out of the wells after the shale has been fractured....

Another prime concern is water contamination either from poorly constructed wells or mismanagement of water and other fluids used during hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, of wells to liberate gas from the shale.

We have found that the DNA - based tracer survives when mixed with samples of hydraulic fracturing fluid and flowback fluid.