Sentences with phrase «of free electrons»

N - type materials contain an abundance of free electrons.

This region has the greatest concentration of free electrons.

Solar activity usually tends to increase the rate of ionization in the atmosphere and thus the density of free electrons in the ionosphere or to move electrons to the polar caps.

Now new research shows that these eruptions on the sun's surface not only send bursts of energetic particles into Earth's atmosphere causing disturbances in the magnetic field, but they may also significantly decrease the number of free electrons over large areas in the polar region of the ionosphere — the ionized part of the upper atmosphere.

Physicists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) have found a way to prevent plasma — the hot, charged state of matter composed of free electrons and atomic nuclei — from causing short circuits in machines such as spacecraft thrusters, radar amplifiers, and particle accelerators.

New research from DTU and partners from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of New Brunswick shows that eruptions on the Sun's surface not only send bursts of energetic particles into Earth's atmosphere causing disturbances in our planet's magnetic field, they can also strangely decrease the number of free electrons over large areas in the polar region of the ionosphere.

«For the first time we were able to make a large - area film of aligned nanotubes with a gate that allows us to inject and take out a large density of free electrons.»

The elements are in the form of hot, charged plasma gas that consists of free electrons and atomic nuclei.

At standard temperature and pressure, solid aluminium is a lattice of ions surrounded by a sea of free electrons.

The movement of free electrons and the gaps created by those loosed particles generate an electric current.

Their real breakthrough, however, is discovering the use of an intermediate dielectric coating (hafnium) to block the quenching of the free electrons in the metal by the CNTs, allowing the nanotubes to function uninhibited.

As is demonstrated by the contrast between the wave functions of a free electron and those of a bound electron, the formation of bonds between particles doesn't so much collapse their wave function as localize it, by making it energetically improbable that a particle will exist outside a particular well of potential.

This cascade ionises the air, producing a conical shower of free electrons where a current might begin to flow.

Earth's magnetic field may influence the spin of these free electrons, which birds could then detect, explains biophysicist Thorsten Ritz of the University of California at Irvine, who was not involved in the Heyers study.

Hitherto, the laser shot has generally been directed at a thin metal foil, generating and accelerating a plasma of free electrons and positively charged ions.

Produced in electrical discharges, these gases of free electrons and ions have already been shown to destroy pathogens, help heal wounds, and selectively kill cancer cells.

Studies have shown that your skin is a powerful conductor of electricity, and standing on the earth barefoot creates a transfer of free electrons from the planet to your body.

When you're barefoot, your body is able to absorb Earth's limitless supply of free electrons.

-- I have to wonder if my subscription to this channel isn't a waste of free electrons...

Computer simulations of cosmic reionization suggest the Universe was fully opaque to Lyman - alpha radiation in the first 400 million years of cosmic history and then gradually, as the first galaxies were born, the intense ultraviolet radiation from their young stars, burned off this obscuring hydrogen in bubbles of increasing radius which, eventually, overlapped so the entire space between galaxies became «ionized», that is composed of free electrons and protons.

The MRX device produces laboratory studies of magnetic reconnection, the convergence and violent separation of magnetic field lines in plasma, the state of matter that consists of free electrons and atomic nuclei.

The image in my mind is of free electrons in an atom, careening in random ways.

When excitons and a large number of free electrons are simultaneously present however, the description of the qualitatively new — or «emergent» — properties of the material requires the introduction of new type of quasiparticles called Fermi polarons.