In this scheme, both ends
of the fuel cycle are handled by a small group of countries, mainly the nuclear weapons states in the original proposal.
Opportunities exist for the diversion of weapons - usable material at the front end
of the fuel cycle, during which natural uranium is enriched to make reactor fuel.
When examined closely, GNEP adds an element to reducing the risk from the back end
of the fuel cycle: limiting who uses plutonium - bearing fuel.
Internationalization of both ends
of the fuel cycle can reduce proliferation risk.
U.S. reprocessing would undermine the U.S. goal of halting the spread
of fuel cycle technologies that are permitted under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but can be used to make nuclear weapons materials.
The back end
of the fuel cycle is technically more complicated to deal with and so are the systems that need to be implemented.
They agree with me in such statements as «'' A critical factor for the future of an expanded nuclear power industry is the choice
of the fuel cycle — what type of fuel is used, what types of reactors «burn» the fuel, and the method of disposal of the spent fuel.
This is the mantra, but an analysis
of the fuel cycle shows that what has happened is that sulfur content in ship bunker fuel has increased as sulfur content in diesel fuel has decreased.
The strategies investigated include an evolutionary transmutation strategy in which the ADS provides additional flexibility by enabling plutonium utilisation in conventional reactors and confining the minor actinides to a small part
of the fuel cycle, and two innovative transuranics (TRU) burning strategies, with an FR or an ADS, in which plutonium and minor actinides are managed together to minimise the proliferation risk.
UxC is not only expanding its geopolitical coverage of the market, but is also now covering more
of the fuel cycle.
In June 2007, UxC began to publish SpentFUEL and StoreFUEL, two leading newsletters dealing with the backend
of the fuel cycle.
The ability for UF6 to change easily to a gas at a low temperature and slightly increased pressure make it ideal for use in the remaining steps
of the fuel cycle.
Not exact matches
The energy crisis gave way to an endless
cycle of ups and downs, with sales bottoming out anytime
fuel prices soared or the economy tanked.
«The prices have really become detached from the fundamentals like sales and cash flow,» says Clayton, who suggests that the market is caught in a
cycle of news driving stock prices and stocks
fueling news.
According to CB Insights, venture investors deployed more than $ 25 billion just last year to
fuel the advancement
of these companies along this life
cycle.
The gold market is generally weak relative to the industrial metals markets during the boom phase
of the inflation -
fueled, central - bank - sponsored boom / bust
cycle and strong relative to the industrial metals markets during the bust phase
of the
cycle.
The main benefactor
of credit -
fueled cash flows from the west over the past 15 years, China forgot that credit expansion is a finite
cycle and spent like a drunken sailor throughout.
Nor have we yet deployed a comprehensive set
of policies to support the rebalancing
of the U.S. economy toward a growth path based more on business investment, trade and broad - based income gains than the type
of asset price gains and credit -
fuelled consumption, which dominated the last business
cycle.
My rejection and fear
of myself
fueled my own sin
cycle and resulted in very poor decision making and very unhealthy expressions
of my sexuality.
In a 24/7 news
cycle that is
fueled by controversies, outrage, sensationalism and rhetoric, it's easy to view these sorts
of tactics as effective tools in advancing our cause.
The NCC's concern for energy issues dates back to fall 1974 when the Division
of Church and Society (DCS) asked Margaret Mead and René Dubos to chair a study
of the implications
of using plutonium as
fuel in the nuclear
cycle.
Pueblo people
of the ancient American Southwest contributed to the region's aridity and its erosion
cycle by destroying forests to
fuel their kilns.
Constellation had bought 100 per cent
of the business, previously known as BRL Hardy, in 2003 at the top
of the wine
cycle after a low Australian dollar had
fuelled significant growth in exports for the BRL Hardy brands.
Released to the public in June 2017, the latest corrugated industry life
cycle assessment (LCA) confirms continued environmental progress through increased efficiencies in mill energy systems, increased use
of low - impact fossil
fuels, and increased recovery for recycling.
Wenger / we scrape the holy grail 5th place, Stan hands out another extension to continue the
cycle of mediocrity
fueled by greed and lack
of football ambition.
Official sports nutrition supplier, SiS work directly with Great Britain Cycling Team athletes in order to create bespoke nutritional strategies to
fuel them ahead
of key competitions throughout the next four - year
cycle and, ultimately, towards the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympics.
When babies bawl like this, they take in a lot
of air, which creates gas and more pain, making them cry even more —
fueling a vicious
cycle that many parents struggle with on a daily basis.
«The importance
of early intervention to break persistent offenders out
of the
cycle of drink -
fuelled offending can not be overstated,» said an ACPO spokesman.
«We had a $ 138 million deficit, we were the most fiscally stressed county in New York, our bonds were near junk and people were reeling from years
of double digit tax increases
fueled by an endless tax - and - spend
cycle.»
«The British government will need to do far more, both with our own nuclear arsenal and with cooperation for international control
of the nuclear
fuel cycle, before these words can be moved beyond rhetoric.»
Trump's unpredictability and his
fueling of distrust
of his opponents led to a growth in fake news that was supportive
of him which now flames a
cycle of de-legitimizing the established press making the term fake news essentially meaningless and more
of a stick to beat the mainstream press with than a phenomenon in itself.
Last year's successful
cycle, which garnered thousands
of votes, shows the power and importance
of this grassroots
fueled process and I look forward to another great year.»
The project involves the development, ownership, operation and management
of the 400MW Combined
Cycle Plant to be
fueled by either Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or Natural Gas (NG) for a 25 - year period by Early Power Limited in Tema, strategically close to the Tema Oil Refinery (TOR).
The James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant will close at the end
of its current
fuel cycle, at the end
of 2016 or early 2017.
The burning
of fossil
fuels essentially reintroduces ancient carbon that is stored in the depths
of the earth back into the carbon
cycle.
However, it is electricity consumption by microwave appliances that has the biggest impact on the environment, taking into account its whole life
cycle, from production
of fuels to generation
of electricity.
Since the industrial revolution, human beings burning fossil
fuels have boosted concentrations
of atmospheric carbon more than 30 percent, disrupting the ancient
cycle.
Like bankers do for financial debt, climate scientists assume that the greenhouse gas expense
of burning biofuels will be paid back eventually as the crops that make
fuel «earn» carbon through sequestering it throughout their life
cycle.
Some
of the new nuclear science research programs, including the one at MIT, are studying new reactor designs and
fuel cycles that scientists (and policy - makers) hope will make nuclear plants safer and cheaper to operate, and produce waste materials with smaller volume, shorter half - lives, and less appeal to terrorists and other would - be nuclear powers.
Japan's nuclear plant crisis with the radioactivity contamination from spent
fuel pools is likely to put an overdue spotlight on stalemated U.S. policies for managing reactor
fuel, authors
of a Massachusetts Institute
of Technology report on the nuclear
fuel cycle said yesterday.
Waste from the front end
of the nuclear
fuel cycle is usually alpha emitting waste from the extraction
of uranium.
«With a scaled up solution, not only will we no longer have to think about the dangers
of storing radioactive waste long - term, but we will have a viable solution to close the nuclear
fuel cycle and contribute to solving the world's energy needs.
The Nobel laureates» discoveries helped
fuel the growth
of this vast field, and build understanding
of how organisms anticipate and react to day / night
cycles.
The work, published in Science, not only opens the door to expand the use
of one
of the most efficient energy sources on the planet, but also adds a key step in completing the nuclear
fuel cycle — an advance, along with wind and solar, that could help power the world's energy needs cleanly for the future.
The back end
of the nuclear
fuel cycle, mostly spent
fuel rods, often contains fission products that emit beta and gamma radiation, and may contain actinides that emit alpha particles, such as uranium - 234, neptunium - 237, plutonium - 238 and americium - 241, and even sometimes some neutron emitters such as Cf.
Most
of Nangonya's training covered the subjects that might be expected: the ins and outs
of the nuclear
fuel cycle, how to verify that each and every reported gram
of plutonium and uranium are where they are supposed to be, and how to spot signs
of illicit activity.
The article, published recently in Open Chemistry may lead to the development
of a process to remove uranium from wastewater at the front - end
of the nuclear
fuel cycle, or even extracting natural uranium from sea water.
Cycles of boom and bust have appeared,
fueled by land speculation.
There are also outstanding questions related to the real - world efficiency gains
of natural gas
fuels and the life -
cycle emissions they produce based on methane leakage in the production process.
But unknowns with respect to the life -
cycle benefits
of a given
fuel are still a big concern for UPS.