The state's move escalates a revolt against a proposed rollback
of fuel economy standards that threatens to split the country's auto market.
Understanding the cost and effectiveness
of fuel economy standards, alone and in combination with economy - wide policies that constrain GHG emissions, is essential to inform coordinated design of future climate and energy policy.
As discussed elsewhere, EPA has positioned itself to determine the stringency
of fuel economy standards for the auto industry, set climate policy for the nation, and even amend provisions of the Clean Air act — powers Congress never delegated to the agency.
When taken together, the two phases
of fuel economy standards will result in oil savings in 2030 of more than 3 million barrels per day.
Meanwhile, some Republicans in Congress have been talking about getting rid
of fuel economy standards altogether — through legislation.
The state's move escalates a revolt against a proposed rollback
of fuel economy standards that threatens to split the country's auto market.
EPA has positioned itself to determine the stringency
of fuel economy standards, set climate policy for the nation, and even amend provisions of the Clean Air act — powers Congress never delegated to the agency.
Not exact matches
In May 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama announced new
fuel economy standards intended to compel manufacturers to achieve an average
of 35.5 miles per gallon across their car and light truck models by 2016.
What we found is that a well - designed Clean
Fuel Standard — informed by experience with similar policies in California and B.C. — would not only help Canada cut pollution in keeping with our commitment under the Paris Agreement, it would create jobs in Canada's clean fuel sector and grow a new segment of our econ
Fuel Standard — informed by experience with similar policies in California and B.C. — would not only help Canada cut pollution in keeping with our commitment under the Paris Agreement, it would create jobs in Canada's clean
fuel sector and grow a new segment of our econ
fuel sector and grow a new segment
of our
economy.
Trucking Efficiency informed the government's new, more - stringent
fuel economy and emissions
standards for heavy - duty trucks — estimated to save 1 billion metric tons
of greenhouse gas emissions and $ 170 billion in
fuel costs.
New York, California and three other U.S. states said they sued the federal government for delaying the rollout
of higher «gas - guzzler» penalties for automakers whose vehicles fail to meet minimum
fuel -
economy standards.
Combination
of economic trends and policies Still, for now an array
of Obama administration actions and economic trends are conspiring to cut emissions, according to EIA: Americans are using less oil because
of high gasoline prices; carmakers are complying with federal
fuel economy standards; electricity companies are becoming more efficient; state renewable energy rules are ushering wind and solar energy onto the power grids; gas prices are competitive with coal; and federal air quality regulations are closing the dirtiest power plants.
The efficiency tweaks are part
of an effort by automakers to comply with federal corporate average
fuel economy (CAFE) rules that now require that the U.S. car fleet meet
fuel economy standards of 35 miles per gallon (15 kilometers per liter) by 2016.
With new technology introduced in the past couple
of years to meet upcoming
fuel economy standards, drivers
of a small handful
of the latest Ford, Chevy, GMC, Volkswagen, Mitsubishi models may feel engine hesitation when they goose the accelerator, which is a source
of frustration, at minimum, to many drivers.
The president, meanwhile, made a strong argument for more efficient use
of gasoline through alternative vehicles and strengthened
fuel economy standards.
As a result
of my bipartisan Ten - in - Ten
Fuel Economy Act, which was signed into law in 2007, vehicles are more fuel - efficient and the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards are headed toward responsible levels, based on the best science availa
Fuel Economy Act, which was signed into law in 2007, vehicles are more fuel - efficient and the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards are headed toward responsible levels, based on the best science ava
Economy Act, which was signed into law in 2007, vehicles are more
fuel - efficient and the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards are headed toward responsible levels, based on the best science availa
fuel - efficient and the corporate average
fuel economy (CAFE) standards are headed toward responsible levels, based on the best science availa
fuel economy (CAFE) standards are headed toward responsible levels, based on the best science ava
economy (CAFE)
standards are headed toward responsible levels, based on the best science available.
So they did, and now — with the Environmental Protection Agency being pressed to set an automobile
fuel -
economy standard of 60 mpg by 2025 — Kuttner intends to create a consumer version.
In the United States, the Obama administration plans to implement rules that push corporate average
fuel economy, or CAFE,
standards to a fleetwide average
of 35.5 miles per gallon by 2016, four years ahead
of the schedule Congress laid out in a 2007 energy law.
Under new corporate average
fuel economy standards set by the Obama administration, light - duty vehicles must reach a fleetwide average
of 34.1 mpg by 2016 and 54.5 mpg by 2025.
Increase biofuels to 60 million gallons by 2030, low - carbon
fuel standard of 10 % by 2010, 1 million plug ‐ in hybrid cars by 2025, raise
fuel economy standards, smart growth funding, end oil subsidies, promote natural gas drilling, enhanced oil recovery
Inhofe also accused the Obama administration
of prematurely issuing vehicle
fuel economy standards for political reasons, and asked Pruitt if he would review them.
Though the Corporate Average
Fuel Economy (CAFE)
standards have been in effect since 1975, they have recently entered more greatly into the public conversation, as the Trump Administration has called for review and re-write
of these regulations, in hopes
of making them less stringent.
Under the Senate proposal, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) would divide the fleet into classes based on size or weight and set
fuel -
economy standards for each class to achieve an overall average
of 35 mpg by 2020.
The argument is based on the premise that the Corporate Average
Fuel Economy (CAFE)
standards imposed in 1975 resulted in a reduction
of vehicle weights, which in turn caused about 2,000 traffic deaths a year that would not have occurred otherwise.
One
of automakers» greatest concerns in meeting the Obama administration's ambitious new
fuel economy standards is that consumers will continue to steer clear
of alternative automobile technologies, which come at a steep price premium.
$ 8 billion) over first ten years for deficit reductionObeys PAYGO; Starting in 2026, 25 %
of auction revenues for deficit reductionFuels and TransportationIncrease biofuels to 60 million gallons by 2030, low - carbon
fuel standard of 10 % by 2010, 1 million plug» in hybrid cars by 2025, raise
fuel economy standards, smart growth funding, end oil subsidies, promote natural gas drilling, enhanced oil recoverySmart growth funding, plug - in hybrids, raise
fuel economy standards $ 7 billion a year for smart growth funding, plug - in hybrids, natural gas vehicles, raise
fuel economy standards; offshore drilling with revenue sharing and oil spill veto, natural gas fracking disclosureCost ContainmentInternational offsetsOffset pool, banking and borrowing flexibility, soft price collar using permit reserve auction at $ 28 per ton going to 60 % above three - year - average market price» Hard» price collar between $ 12 and $ 25 per ton, floor increases at 3 % + CPI, ceiling at 5 % + CPI, plus permit reserve auction, offsets like W - MClean Air Act And StatesNot discussedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade suspended until 2017, EPA to set stationary source performance
standards in 2016, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade pre-empted, establishes coal - fired plant performance
standards, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedInternational CompetitivenessTax incentives for domestic auto industryFree allowances for trade - exposed industries, 2020 carbon tariff on importsCarbon tariff on importsReferences: Barack Obama, 2007; Barack Obama, 8/3/08; Pew Center, 6/26/09; leaked drafts
of American Power Act, 5/11/10.
Among Freeman's specific recommendations are a «20 percent federal tax credit to electricity and natural gas utilities that gives highest priority to the efficient use
of the energy they supply,» and ban on new coal or nuclear plants and retirement
of the existing plants within the next 30 years, government - funded demonstration plants for Big Solar and hydrogen, increasing federal
fuel economy standards one mile - per - gallon a year over the next 24 years, tax credits for plug - in hybrids or flex -
fuel vehicles, and an excess - profits tax on oil to fund the tax credits.
In fact, the four biggest
economies in the world all have
fuel efficiency
standards that will converge by 2025, encouraging research and development
of lower emission vehicles on an international scale.
Alcoa, one
of the largest aluminum suppliers in the country, expects its sales
of aluminum sheet to triple by 2015, as automakers increase their use
of the material amid ever - tightening
fuel economy standards and consumer demand.
Two rounds
of historic
fuel -
economy -
standard increases in recent years now have the industry marching toward 54.5 mpg (4.3 L / 100 km) in 2025.
We'd hope to attract them with the great looks
of the car, a new high - technology direct - injection six - cylinder engine, good
fuel economy, all the
standard equipment, and higher technology features.»
Other revisions for the 2015 Subaru Impreza include a mild visual update, changes to the continuously variable transmission to improve
fuel economy, more sound deadening, a quicker steering ratio, a
standard 6.2 - inch touchscreen infotainment system, and the availability
of EyeSight as an option on Impreza 2.0 i Limited sedans and 2.0 i Sport Limited hatchbacks.
Moreover,
fuel economy has jumped from 21/27 mpg city / highway to a top -
of - the - class 24/32 mpg — and that's with all - wheel drive, which is
standard.
Variable Cylinder Management, now
standard across the board, is capable
of turning the six - cylinder into either a four - or three - cylinder engine during low - load cruising, and with the Touring models» six - speed automatic (a five - speed is
standard on other trim levels), the Odyssey returns the best EPA
fuel economy at 19/28 mpg city / highway.
Environmentalists are on the warpath, accusing President Trump
of rolling back
fuel economy standards in favor
of dirty SUVs that will pollute the planet.
MSRP (with destination): $ 31,970 PRICE AS TESTED: $ 37,805 ENGINE: 3.6 - liter DOHC V - 6 Horsepower: 285 hp @ 6400 rpm Torque: 260 lb - ft @ 4800 rpm TRANSMISSION: 5 - speed automatic DRIVE: Four - wheel WHEELS AND TIRES: 18 - inch aluminum wheels 255 / 70SR -18 Bridgestone Dueler A / T tires
FUEL ECONOMY (city / highway / combined): 16/20/18 mpg CURB WEIGHT: 4294 lb CAPACITIES: Doors / Passengers: 4/5 Cargo (rear seats up / down): 46.4 / 86.8 cu ft Legroom (front / rear): 41.0 / 37.2 in Headroom (front / rear): 41.3 / 40.4 in Towing: 2000 lb EXTERIOR / INTERIOR COLOR: Black / Black STANDARD FEATURES: 6 - speed manual transmission Stability and traction control Hill start assist Roll mitigation Part - time four - wheel drive 3.21 rear axle ratio Transfer case and fuel tank skid plates Cruise control 115V auxiliary power outlet Air conditioning 7 - speaker Infinity audio system w / subwoofer Auxiliary audio jack SiriusXM satellite radio w / one - year subscription Tilt steering wheel Temperature gauge and compass Leather - wrapped steering wheel w / audio controls Height - adjustable driver's seat 60 / 40 - split folding rear seats Rear compartment covered storage OPTIONS ON THIS VEHICLE: Altitude Edition - $ 2995 18 - inch painted aluminum wheels Black Jeep grille badge Front and rear bumper body - color appliques Gloss black interior accents Red interior stitching accents Altitude floor mats and hood decal Heated front seats Body - color 3 - piece hardtop Mopar fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This is the one of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited mo
FUEL ECONOMY (city / highway / combined): 16/20/18 mpg CURB WEIGHT: 4294 lb CAPACITIES: Doors / Passengers: 4/5 Cargo (rear seats up / down): 46.4 / 86.8 cu ft Legroom (front / rear): 41.0 / 37.2 in Headroom (front / rear): 41.3 / 40.4 in Towing: 2000 lb EXTERIOR / INTERIOR COLOR: Black / Black
STANDARD FEATURES: 6 - speed manual transmission Stability and traction control Hill start assist Roll mitigation Part - time four - wheel drive 3.21 rear axle ratio Transfer case and
fuel tank skid plates Cruise control 115V auxiliary power outlet Air conditioning 7 - speaker Infinity audio system w / subwoofer Auxiliary audio jack SiriusXM satellite radio w / one - year subscription Tilt steering wheel Temperature gauge and compass Leather - wrapped steering wheel w / audio controls Height - adjustable driver's seat 60 / 40 - split folding rear seats Rear compartment covered storage OPTIONS ON THIS VEHICLE: Altitude Edition - $ 2995 18 - inch painted aluminum wheels Black Jeep grille badge Front and rear bumper body - color appliques Gloss black interior accents Red interior stitching accents Altitude floor mats and hood decal Heated front seats Body - color 3 - piece hardtop Mopar fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This is the one of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited mo
fuel tank skid plates Cruise control 115V auxiliary power outlet Air conditioning 7 - speaker Infinity audio system w / subwoofer Auxiliary audio jack SiriusXM satellite radio w / one - year subscription Tilt steering wheel Temperature gauge and compass Leather - wrapped steering wheel w / audio controls Height - adjustable driver's seat 60 / 40 - split folding rear seats Rear compartment covered storage OPTIONS ON THIS VEHICLE: Altitude Edition - $ 2995 18 - inch painted aluminum wheels Black Jeep grille badge Front and rear bumper body - color appliques Gloss black interior accents Red interior stitching accents Altitude floor mats and hood decal Heated front seats Body - color 3 - piece hardtop Mopar
fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This is the one of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited mo
fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This is the one
of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call
of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited model.
The clean - sheet fifth - generation small - block maintains the pushrod legacy while integrating a host
of new technologies, such as direct injection and
standard cylinder deactivation (marketed as Active
Fuel Management), which work in tandem to deliver outstanding real - world fuel econ
Fuel Management), which work in tandem to deliver outstanding real - world
fuel econ
fuel economy.
The 2016 Chevrolet Malibu is powered by a 196 - horsepower / 2.5 - liter four - cylinder engine mated to a six - speed automatic transmission; its
standard auto start - stop feature helps the five - passenger Malibu Limited midsize sedan in 1LS trim achieve
fuel economy figures
of 24 mpg city, 34 mpg highway, 28.6 mpg combined.
If you need the practicality
of a pickup truck, the 4 × 4 2016 Ram 1500 seats up to three in the
standard cab and offers plenty
of storage, creature comforts, a
standard 305 - horsepower, 3.6 - liter V - 6 engine, and
fuel economy of 15 mpg city, 21 mpg highway, 17.8 mpg combined when equipped with four - wheel drive and a
standard bed.
This engine offers good gas mileage with either the
standard five - speed manual or available four - speed automatic — 25/34 mpg city / highway, regardless
of the transmission — but Kia also offers a $ 600
Fuel Economy Package for automatic EX models that boosts gas mileage to 27/36 mpg, thanks to enhancements like a five - speed automatic instead
of a four - speed, plus low - rolling - resistance tires and aerodynamic improvements.
After the Corporate Average
Fuel Economy standards became law in the late 1970s, automakers often restricted supply of big engines and big vehicles when they weren't selling enough fuel - efficient mod
Fuel Economy standards became law in the late 1970s, automakers often restricted supply
of big engines and big vehicles when they weren't selling enough
fuel - efficient mod
fuel - efficient models.
Regardless, the Korean compact siblings are at the top
of the compact class in
standard horsepower as well as
fuel economy, although Chevy's upcoming Sonic compact will come to the party with a non-direct-injection 1.8 - liter engine with 135 horsepower as
standard.
This is the way
of the world these days — small, boosted engines are designed to meet Corporate Average
Fuel Economy standards first and foremost.
The 2.0 - liter turbocharged four - cylinder Drive - E motor that's
standard on the V60 T5 as well as the 2015 Volvo S60 T5 is living up to its green mission by delivering impressive
fuel economy numbers
of 25/37/29 mpg city / highway / combined in the 2015 Volvo V60 and S60.
The previous round
of CAFE talks, which dates back to 2007 when the industry dropped its lawsuits against California's proposed emissions
standards and set the table for the combined
fuel economy and CO2 federal rules, brought auto makers to the front lines in the war against climate change.
With Ford Motor Co. fighting a potential deep tarnish on its new image
of safety consciousness, rival General Motors Corp. — which earlier this month issued a stinging rebuttal to Ford's announcement
of a plan to increase sport / utility vehicle
fuel economy (see WEVTU — Aug. 1,» 00, p. 1)-- took advantage
of Ford's woes by suggesting GM has more safety minded
standards for tires.
This year, auto makers begin stepping toward a fleet - wide
fuel economy of 35.5 mpg (6.6 L / 100 km) by 2016, a
standard handed down in 2009 as auto makers limped through the worst sales year in the post-war era.
Power is unchanged but there are gains in
fuel economy and fewer emissions, with the car now claimed to be capable
of delivering 33.6 mpg on the
standard EU test when working with the now -
standard seven - speed twin - clutch transmission — nearly 5mpg better than before.
BMW describes it as a «symbol for the future
of sheer driving pleasure», and says it can combine the performance
of a BMW M Car with a
standard of fuel economy exceeding the market's current small cars.
With 140 hp and 128 pound - feet
of torque, acceleration is leisurely, even by compact sedan
standards;
fuel economy (28 mpg city, 39 mpg highway, with the automatic) is unchanged.