Two years ago, two reports prepared by the National Academy of Sciences and a panel of specialists from within the Department of Energy came to the same conclusion, recommending that some details
of the fusion experiments should be declassified.
«Over the years they have developed highly innovative and uniquely capable tools for analyzing the results
of fusion experiments.»
Two U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories working on very different types
of fusion experiments have begun a novel collaboration.
Physicists have long regarded plasma turbulence as unruly behavior that can limit the performance
of fusion experiments.
The upgraded machine doubles the heating power, magnetic field strength and plasma current relative to its predecessor, and increases the duration
of fusion experiments — or «shots» — to up to five seconds.
Not exact matches
It is building on the concept
of compressing fuel to heat it until it triggers a
fusion reaction, an idea
experimented with for years in large - scale government programs.
I spoke with Moses on the significance
of the record - breaking
experiment, on what lies ahead for the
fusion experiments and the problems
of project - managing scientific discoveries.
Also backed by the United States, Russia, China and Japan, ITER is the largest
of the various
fusion experiments underway and proposes to trigger
fusion using a super-conducting magnetic compression process.
They are operating on a fraction
of the budget
of the big public - sector
fusion experiments (see my briefing from last August), yet the consensus among scientists who've reviewed its design for «magnetized target
fusion» is that, to borrow a phrase from Captain James T. Kirk, it just might work.
In the coming series
of posts, I'll introduce you to scientists who believe
fusion is on par with the development
of nuclear power or sending men to the moon, and scientists who think these
experiments are a dead - end.
The negative publicity around the Cold
Fusion experiments 20 years ago, which promised an electrochemical method
of producing energy, will overshadow all future claims about
fusion.
Laser absorption, power transfer, and radiation symmetry during the first shock
of inertial confinement
fusion gas - filled hohlraum
experiments
Simultaneous neutron and x-ray imaging
of inertial confinement
fusion experiments along a single line
of sight at Omega
Radiation hydrodynamics modeling
of the highest compression inertial confinement
fusion ignition
experiment from the National Ignition Campaign
Demonstration
of thermonuclear conditions in magnetized liner inertial
fusion experiments
Detailed high - resolution three - dimensional simulations
of OMEGA separated reactants inertial confinement
fusion experiments
Development
of a Bayesian method for the analysis
of inertial confinement
fusion experiments on the NIF
I believe that the sun is powered by the nuclear
fusion of hydrogen in to helium, because the spectrum
of the emitted light is exactly as predicted by theory and tested by
experiment on earth.
Then I got into
fusions of things and am still
experimenting.
As an example
of the use
of the model, the core
of the plasma inside the seven - story ITER tokamak, the international
fusion experiment under construction in France, will have to be more than 10 times hotter than the core
of the sun, whose temperature is 15 million degrees Celsius.
A computer code used by physicists around the world to analyze and predict tokamak
experiments can now approximate the behavior
of highly energetic atomic nuclei, or ions, in
fusion plasmas more accurately than ever.
They are proceeding in parallel with the single most important
experiment for the future
of fusion power, the $ 12 billion International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.
For more than a decade, Iranian specialists in nuclear
fusion experimented on aging tokamaks and other devices in seclusion, cut off from the global
fusion community because
of Iran's status as a nuclear pariah.
A new theory may explain the notorious cold
fusion experiment from two decades ago, reigniting hopes
of a clean - energy breakthrough.
► Also on Tuesday at ScienceInsider, Adrian Cho wrote that «[f] or the second year in a row, Senate budgetmakers have moved to pull the United States out
of ITER, the huge and hugely over budget international
fusion experiment under construction in Cadarache, France.»
Although the fuel pellet yielded 17,000 joules
of energy, the entire
fusion experiment fell far short
of breaking even.
To help pay for the ITER increase, DOE is proposing to shut down a
fusion experiment known as the Alcator C - Mod at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge.
However, one quickly reaches the bounds
of today's available computing power when large - scale
experiments need to be modeled numerically while retaining all important physical effects, and exhaustive simulations
of fusion reactor plasmas as a whole are still not feasible.
Fusion has been a political football in recent years because
of the exploding cost
of the U.S. contribution to ITER, the enormous international
fusion experiment under construction in Cadarache, France.
He points to the Fleischmann — Pons cold
fusion experiments of the late 1980s.
Cost cutting has been the name
of the game for Osamu Motojima since he took the reins
of the ITER
fusion reactor project, the world's most expensive science
experiment, in July.
In particular, they would require shuttering a major
fusion experiment at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology in Cambridge and would lead to the layoff
of 100
of 430 staff members at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in New Jersey.
Experiments with actual
fusion fuel — a mix
of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium — began in the early 1990s in the Tokamak
Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) in Princeton, US, and the Joint European Torus (JET) in Culham, UK.
Scientists developing
fusion energy
experiments have solved a puzzle
of why their million - degree heating beams sometimes fail, and instead destabilise the
fusion experiments before energy is generated.
«Hundred million degree fluid key to
fusion: Scientists developing
fusion energy
experiments have solved a puzzle
of why their million - degree heating beams sometimes fail, and instead destabilize the
fusion experiments before energy is generated.»
In some
fusion experiments, a fuel
of two different forms
of hydrogen is surrounded by a plastic layer that reaches conditions similar to the interior
of planets during a short - lived compression stage.
Those cuts led to furloughs at Fermilab, layoffs at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park, California; and the suspension
of work at Oak Ridge on the U.S. contribution to the international
fusion experiment, ITER, to be built in Cadarache, France.
A. Cho's story «Commitments, ideology clash over research spending» (News Focus, 11 November 2011, p. 754) points out far - reaching priority choices that may have to be made by the Office
of Science in a flat budget scenario that can not accommodate ongoing domestic projects as well as the increasing contribution to the $ 23 billion international
fusion experiment, ITER, in France.
Nagel likes to compare these LENR technologies to that
of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a multination high - temperature
fusion experiment based on well - understood physics — merging deuterium and tritium — being carried out in southern France.
Maintaining that exact geometry is crucial to the
experiment's success, because leaks would rob the plasma
of the pressure and energy needed for
fusion.
A new
experiment that measures the energy budget
of a collapsing bubble for the first time indicates that so - called «bubble
fusion» is unlikely to occur.
Moyer: So, for many years, ever since World War II, when people realized the power inherent here, they've dreamed
of making a controlled
fusion experiment.
White house officials are blocking the release
of data from
fusion experiments carried out at nuclear weapons laboratories in the US.
Controversy is the only thing assured to follow an
experiment that so resembles the «cold
fusion» fiasco
of 1989, when Stanley Pons and Martin Fleishmann
of the University
of Utah said that they had discovered room - temperature reactions; the announcement became headline news but was soon discredited.
They believe that the
experiments, in which laser beams power a
fusion reaction, could reveal secrets
of the hydrogen bomb.
And finally there was the follow - up study (not yet subjected to peer review) by another team at Oak Ridge that claimed that the evidence
of fusion reactions disappeared when it repeated the
experiment with different sensors and analyzed the data in a different way.
In the past 15 years, research in the U.S. and other countries has increased by 10,000,000 times the
fusion power level produced in
experiments, and we have now achieved production
of 10 megawatts
of fusion power on the Tokamak
Fusion Test Reactor at Princeton.
ITER — an international
fusion experiment now under construction in the south
of France — will probably cost $ 20 billion by the time it is finished in 2018.
Given the high projected cost
of creating a burning physics
experiment and given that the U.S. now funds only about one sixth
of the world research effort, a strategy based on international collaboration on
fusion energy research and development can be highly cost effective.
Budgetmakers in the U.S. Senate have moved to halt U.S. participation in ITER, the huge international
fusion experiment now under construction in Cadarache, France, that aims to demonstrate that nuclear
fusion could be a viable source
of energy.