Sentences with phrase «of gene duplications»

Recent breakthroughs in evolutionary genomics show that a burst of gene duplications occurred in the human lineage during its separation from non-human primates approximately 6 million years ago (Bailey et al., 2002; Fortna et al., 2004; Marques - Bonet et al., 2009).

We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs.

Compared with the ancestral lineage, the East African cichlid genomes possess: an excess of gene duplications; alterations in regulatory, non-protein-coding elements in the genome; accelerated evolution of protein - coding elements, especially in genes for pigmentation; and other distinct features that affect gene expression, such as insertions of transposable elements and regulation by novel microRNAs.

Other recent work has questioned the consequences of gene duplications in flowering plants as well.

But you asked me right, the importance of gene duplication; most — I say, most, [which] is a rough number — but a very large number of the genes that carry out functions in our body are parts of [the] family of the genes, members of [the] family of the genes that have expanded by gene duplication.

Based largely on studies of snakes, spiders and other species dangerous to our own, it is thought that most venom genes arise through the mechanism of gene duplication followed by mutation and repurposing (which scientists refer to as neofunctionalization).

In biological systems in particular, this scale ‐ free addition of new nodes is likely a consequence of gene duplication (Qian et al, 2001), and is also affected by alternate splicing and posttranslational modification in protein networks (Qian et al, 2001; Bhan et al, 2002; Pastor ‐ Satorras et al, 2003; Vazquez et al, 2003), as well as the variable chemical versatility of the metabolic intermediates in metabolic networks.

Therefore, herpesviruses are an attractive model to study viral genome evolution at the levels of gene duplication and protein domain rearrangement.

In his research, Dr. Torres examines the properties of plant polyploidy (genome doubling), the concomitant phenomenon of gene duplication, and the evolution of genes, gene families, chromosomes, and genomes following genome doubling in angiosperms.

During her graduate studies she investigated the contribution of gene duplication to the origin and evolution of human phenotypes.

One particularly surprising finding observed in sequences from chromosomes 2 and 4 was the amount of gene duplication.

Not exact matches

Not sure what you mean by «genetic information», but evolution requires changes in the genes of the next generation of organism, which is exactly what happens with gene duplication, transposition, etc..

Lenski's E.coli show a duplication of the anaerobic Cit gene.

At the heart of your Behe article are two concessions which simply don't support ID: 1) the ability of evolution to produce functional novelty via gene duplication / mutation and exaptation exists; and 2) that evidence of «new information» in the form of «new Functional Coded elemenTs, or «FCTs»» also exists.

Women who convert more codeine to morphine have a duplication of the gene encoding for cytochrome P450 2D6.

In this cycle, new gene copies often arise by gene duplication, with the copies persisting or adapting into new roles within the genome for varying lengths of time, or dying off and being lost randomly.

This finding suggests that the homologous region may have resulted from a duplication of an ancestral gene and that the two genes evolved further by recruitment of exons from other genes, which provided the specific functional domains of the LDL receptor and the EGF precursor.

Rather than supporting a genome duplication event at the time when yeast evolved to have twice the number of chromosomes, their data indicated that the duplicated genes had begun to diverge long before.

The work of Marcet - Houben and Gabaldón revealed that, for yeast, hybridization was indeed behind the duplication of some genes.

Unexpectedly, they show that the appearance of duplicated genes was not caused by a simple duplication of the whole genome but rather by a mating («hybridization») event between two different species.

Pollock says that snakes» genomes may be unusually prone to change because they contain many repeated sequences that promote misalignment of chromosomes and so make gene duplications more common.

His coauthor is Chris Hittinger, and the article is called the «Gene Duplication and the Adaptive Evolution of a Classic Genetic Switch».

And what we did is, in order to figure all this out, sort of trace the path of evolution, we did a whole bunch of sort of, swapping experiments, where we swappedGAL1 for GAL3and we swapped the ancestral protein type of protein in for GAL1or for GAL3, and we even swapped the GAL1and GAL3in for the ancestral protein, in another yeast that didn't have the duplication take place; and from this whole series of experiments, we really expected to find out pretty much how the proteins have changed; and the surprise was that most of [the] adaptive change that had taken place wasn't in the protein, it was in how the two genes were regulated.

So what this shows is it sort of gives us a window to say, well, one way the gene duplication allows novelty or specialization or adaptation is by having more genetic parts to work with — each part can be optimized and specialized in a way that if you just have one part, you can do.

After the gene was duplicated — now I just mention [ed] that duplication takes place all of the time, they are common sort of genetic accidents — but after the genes were duplicated, now there was the opportunity to divide the labor that was once stored by a single gene; now divide that labor into two genes, and what happened is, a series a mutations have taken place that has optimized each role — that the regulatory sensor role of GAL3 and the enzymatic - converting role of GAL1.

Indeed using genome - wide transcriptional profiling, the researchers revealed that expression of clipped H3.3 silences genes that regulate the division and duplication of a cell.

Steve: So, this gene duplication business is so interesting and it has such profound importance in evolution and researchers realize that, but I don't think that news has really gotten out to the general public in a lot of ways that in the modern evolutionary theory play book, gene duplication has a really big role.

: The Public Health Threat of Animal Diseases; and Gene Duplication in Evolution

In fact, one of the most common outcomes, now appreciated about gene duplication, is a little bit disappointing, which is really just the old job gets done by two genes, so they really just share the old job; its like, now you -LSB-'ve] got two lazy workers instead of one really efficient one.

Domain recombination resulted in greater diversity in pathway response dynamics than did duplication of genes, of single domains, or of two unlinked domains.

Because of later gene duplications and other processes, these 8,600 homologous genes correspond to at least 14,000 genes, or approximately 70 %, of the current human genome.

I was fascinated to read how the double duplication of the SRGAP2 gene, which helps drive development of the brain's neocortex, appears to have propelled our ancestors» development at two distinct times during the past few million years (12 May, p 10).

In your fascinating article, Evan Eichler states that duplications of the SRGAP2 gene, which helps drive development of the neocortex,...

The other two genes appeared to be paralogs — genes that are the result of a duplication event in the DNA.

«While gene duplication and alternative splicing are typically invoked as major mechanisms underpinning protein neofunctionalization, this study suggests that the process of co-option should be re-evaluated as a potentially important method by which genes can acquire novel functions.»

«The evolution of the fan coincides with the duplication of that gene,» Khila said, also noting that the expression of the gene in the tip of the leg is significant.

Gene moonlighting can occur merely through changes in expression, which may result from as little as a single mutation; it does not require the meandering process of random alteration and selection implied by the duplication and neofunctionalization model.

For instance, his team found that around 2000 genes are expressed at levels higher than those of normal human tissues because of the duplications.

Researchers checked the genomes of 150 patients with schizophrenia and those of 268 healthy people, looking for large duplications and deletions of genetic material that disrupted the function of a gene.

In fact, less than 10 percent of the toxin genes clearly arose through duplication and mutation.

The genomic data provides a strong evidence from DNA level to illustrate why Chinese alligator can hold its breath under water for long periods of time, such as the duplication of the bicarbonate - binding hemoglobin gene, positively selected energy metabolism, and others.

Instead they suggest that the duplication of individual genes, including the caffeine ones, spurred innovations.

Our data suggest that these passive mechanisms, gene duplication and extinction, could represent an important source of genetic incompatibilities across all taxa.

«We found that in all [four - legged animals], there is a duplication of the ancestral gene.»

«In order for something to evolve, duplication of a gene is the most important event,» Hsu says.

On January 9, a team, led by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Children's Hospital Boston, announced that it had found copy number variations — deletions of duplications of segments of genetic code that alter the number of copies of a gene a person carries — in 12 of 1,400 autism sufferers it was studying.

Both of the new studies found that copy number events involving either duplication or deletion of the 25 to 30 chromosome - 16 genes — several of which are known to play a role in the developing brain — appear to cause autism.

A closer look revealed that the heavily - duplicated gene contained its own duplications: six copies of a domain called DUF1220.

Pairwise alignments were calculated using Shuffle - LAGAN (window size, 400 bp; step size 40 bp; translated anchoring), a glocal alignment algorithm that is able to calculate optimal alignments by using both local alignments and global maps of sequence rearrangements (e.g. duplications of the fiber gene in adenovirus genomes with 2 fibers)[57].

Although none of the German Neolithic samples carries the copy number expansion of the AMY2B gene associated with starch digestion, we find that this gene is present in three copies in NGD, though this is due to a large segmental duplication that is shared with multiple modern dogs, an event separate from the tandem AMY2B duplications.