Sentences with phrase «of gene effects»

The study highlights the dynamism of gene effects on brain function throughout the various stages of life such as adolescence or adulthood.

Not exact matches

Gene therapy is, in essence, a type of biotechnology that replaces mutated genes with healthy ones, reversing the effects of disease or damage.

Because gene drives can pass such changes down from one generation to the next, each potential alteration in the code of life could have a lasting and unknowable effect.

This team also discovered 3,200 genes that had fewer loss - of - function or missense mutations than would be expected suggesting that these are likely disease - causing variants that are rare or absent in the population because of their detrimental effect on human health.

The probability of a randomly selected mutation in a randomly selected gene having precisely that effect is quite low, so just as with the stones in the field, a positive finding is more likely than not to be spurious — unless the experiment is unbelievably successful at sorting the wheat from the chaff.

The effect of this assortative mating is to reduce gene flow between geographical groups, and to increase the genetic distance between groups.

It is, as well, an antidote to Mississippi Burning, a dishonest, award - winning new film in which blacks wait patiently and fearfully in the background for deliverance by two white FBI agents, played by Gene Hackman and Willem Dafoe, who zealously bend the law in the interest of justice — a film one fears will have a profound effect on the way many Americans view their nation in the King Years («The Dream Dafoed,» as the Village Voice put it).

The net effect of both the assumptions and the conclusion is that some boys are born into situations in which the combination of gene expression and social context heavily determine what kind of person they will be.

The most powerful influence in human life is neither the environment in which we happen to be brought up, the genes we were bequeathed from our parents at birth, nor all the slings and arrows of fate, no matter how tragic and harrowing their effects may be.

In this paper, I tried to interpret evolution as a continually shifting balance, spatially and temporally, among what I called the pressures of mutation, selection, and migration on gene frequencies, in conjunction with the effects of random drift composed of random variations in these pressures and of local accidents of sampling.

The organism draws its genes from an enormously variegated gene pool; it develops under the influence of them and also under those of a probably pretty heterogeneous environment; and, at any given stage of its life, the way its genes and its previous environment have acted up to that point may have considerable effect on the nature of the environment to which it will next be subjected — if the animal does not like it here it may migrate someplace else, and so on.

The effect of the concentration wave is to activate genes whose message is — produce a fruiting body (see DIM and GSSA).

The evidence for epigenetic effects on emotion regulation is quite solid: Early caregiving experiences can affect the expression of the genes that regulate a baby's stress and they can shape how the endocrine system will mobilize to stress.

Early life stress, such as an extreme lack of parental affection, has lasting effects on a gene important to normal brain processes and is also tied to mental disorders.

The Bitter Gene Effect Scientists have also identified some of the genes associated with tasting.

Years of exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides, paint strippers and other chemicals could be having more subtle effects on the way in which genes within the sperm are tagged and used later on.

What if these «maternal sensitivity» genes have the additional, independent effect of making it easier for children to develop strong executive function skills?

Genome - wide scans aim to uncover genes having direct main effects (i.e., genes that show associations with phenotypes regardless of participants» environments).

We confirmed this gene — environment interaction in two birth cohorts, and we ruled out alternative explanations of the finding involving gene — exposure correlation, intrauterine growth, social class, and maternal cognitive ability, as well as maternal genotype effects on breastfeeding and breast milk.

Isolation is distressful for rat and mouse babies and has all sorts of ill effects like disorganizing stress response systems and undermining the expression of genes that control anxiety (McEwen, 2003; Meaney, 2001).

Although this could mean that new genes are turned on in middle childhood, it is more likely that the same genes have different effects in the brains of 8 - year - olds as compared to 4 - year - olds (Plomin, 1986).

Genetic variation can take the form of common base changes (polymorphisms) that alter gene function or rare base changes (mutations) that often have highly deleterious effects.

In fact, specific genes are studied for their impact on the threshold effect of some teratogens.

«Some people are protected from the effects of sleep deprivation by this particular gene variation but, for most of us, sleep loss does something to the brain that simply prevents us from switching gears when circumstances change.»

«This confirms something we have long suspected, namely that the effects of sleep deprivation are not general in nature, but rather depend on the specific task and the genes of the person performing the task.»

«We wanted to find out if obesity - related genes and activity level have an interactive effect on obesity risk — if there is a «double whammy» effect of being both at genetic risk and physically inactive, beyond the additive effect of these factors,» said Dr. Wood.

That is a big wild card, says Manji, because no one knows the effect of putting the gene into permanent overdrive.

Some morphogenic gradients apparently yield but a single effect: If the concentration of a morphogen in a particular place is above a critical threshold, a target gene is activated; otherwise, it is not.

But the anti-cancer drug romidepsin, a highly potent HDAC inhibitor, turned down the effects of HDAC2, allowing genes involved in neuronal signaling to be expressed normally.

«Identifying which of these candidate genes actually causes variation in responses to cold snaps will give us the potential to understand whether evolution to climate change can occur in both wild and domesticated animals, allowing us to better predict which species or breeds will be «winners» and «losers» and to better mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change on a wide range of organisms from beneficial pollinators to invasive pests,» said Theodore Morgan an associate professor of evolutionary genetics in the Division of Biology at Kansas State University and senior author of the study.

For instance, the development of the placenta is a constant tug of war between maternal and paternal genes, which can have knock - on effects for the fetus.

«Our aim was to explore the effect of a more acidic ocean on every gene in the coral genome,» says study lead author Dr Aurelie Moya, a molecular ecologist with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University.

Because they were clearly biological themselves and could be spread from one victim to another with obvious biological effects, viruses were then thought to be the simplest of all living, gene - bearing life - forms.

Despite the proliferation of GWAS, the associations found so far have largely failed to account for the known effects of genes on complex disease — the problem of «missing heritability.»

Tumours in these mice grew 50 per cent more slowly than those in healthy mice, indicating that one extra copy of the gene has a significant effect on tumour growth (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature08062).

Some argued that the genes implicated in the disease promoted creativity; others believed that schizophrenics were frustrated cult leaders — unorthodox thinkers constitutionally «engineered» to lead segments of humanity to break off from the herd, but who lacked the charisma to effect much change.

Variants of one gene had a major effect on rapid changes in beak size after a drought, researchers report in the April 22 Science.

Instead, ezetimibe blocks dietary cholesterol absorption in the gut by inhibiting the NPC1L1 protein, perhaps approximating the effect of having only one working copy of the NPC1L1 gene.

The boosted genes had three main beneficial effects: improving the efficiency of mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells; boosting insulin production, which improves control of blood sugar; and preventing the depletion of telomeres, caps on chromosomes that help to keep DNA stable and so prevent cells wearing out and ageing.

Analysis of affected genes revealed possible functional effects from 532 of the mutations.

The boosted genes had three main effects: improving cellular energy efficiency; upping insulin production, which improves control of blood sugar; and preventing the breakdown of caps on chromosomes that help prevent cells wearing out and ageing.

Lu's lab is now using this approach to screen for genes related to other disorders, and the researchers have already identified some genes that appear to protect against certain effects of aging.

The effects of the agouti gene had been virtually erased.

Next, Anderson and his colleagues used a set of genetic tools to identify exactly which neurons were responsible for the effect on aggression and to see if the gene that encodes for Tk also controls aggressive behavior by acting in that cell.

One of the side - effects of this therapy is autoimmune intestinal inflammation — analogous to the inflammation that occurs in patients with the CTLA - 4 gene mutation.

Specific genes affect the risk of leprosy, says Amos, which may drown out the subtler effects of relatedness.

She concludes that finding drugs to alter the expression of these genes could mitigate the effects of oxidative stress, treating some symptoms of Down's prenatally.

«So, a variant of gene with a positive effect on intelligence, has a negative effect on schizophrenia, body mass index or obesity.»

The overexpression of an important gene that regulates energy metabolism can cause a severe shortening of lifespan in male fruit flies but has only a small negative effect on lifespans of female fruit flies, according to new research from North Carolina State University.

«The state of the art right now is targeting two or three genes simultaneously and then looking at the effects, but we think that perhaps the gene sets that need to be modulated to address some of these diseases are actually broader than that,» says Lu, who is the senior author of the study.