Sentences with phrase «of gene exchange»

First, previous estimates of gene flow between rabbit subspecies using an Isolation - with - Migration model [36], [37] and a similar sampling scheme to the one used here suggest moderate to high levels of gene exchange (2Nm ≈ 1.2 for the autosomes averaged in both directions)[26].

The rates of gene exchange in each test remained flat and, in a few cases, actually decreased slightly as the concentration of antibiotics grew.

With the birth and death rates no longer a variable, the researchers could see how the rate of gene exchanges responded to antibiotics.

Not exact matches

That's according to Gene Richardson, COO of Experts Exchange, an online community of 500,000 IT professionals where they can get online tech assistance from each other, hire freelancers and take online courses.

Doctor Gene Heslin, a family practice physician, and Mark McKinney from the Healthcare Information Exchange of New York, joined us to talk about this.

The genes responsible for making psilocybin appear to have been exchanged in an environment with a lot of fungus - eating insects, namely animal manure.

A decentralization of the gene pool had begun, and the distances between groups acted as barriers to the exchange of DNA, barriers that have persisted into the modern day.

When parts of chromosomes broken and exchanged, errors can sometimes occur during their repair due to a process called «GC - biased gene conversion,» says Matthew Webster.

«The rising level of integrons after 1990 in manured soil could indicate that through our efforts to reduce antibiotic resistance, we have unintentionally increased resistance gene exchange and more study is needed on the use of animal manure,» says Prof Graham from Newcastle University.

It has multiple hosts and can evolve by mutation but also reassortment (when two closely related strains infect the same host and exchange gene segments, producing new strains — a process distinct from mutation, when the RNA of a virus is miscoded during replication).

It is called the bacterial equivalent of sex, because it is usually used to exchange gene information between Gram negative bacteria.

Without an exchange mechanism like that provided by sexual reproduction, the bacteria and their offspring are stuck with the same set of genes, for better or for worse.

The greater homogeneity of the Italians could be ascribed to their ancient common origin, but also to a greater mobility and gene exchange between the populations of the seven valleys considered (the Adige, Fersina, Fiemme, Giudicarie, Non, Primiero and Sole valleys), with this mobility favored by a less hostile mountain environment (i.e. lower altitudes and geographical proximity) compared to the Ladin populations of the Dolomites.

Mooi and his colleagues have looked at the DNA of free - living V. cholerae, and found that the different strains seem to have exchanged genes on a fairly regular basis.

Such meetings would have exchanged ideas as well as genes, thus setting off a chain reaction of innovation across the continent.

This group is well known for its design of retroviral vectors for efficient gene transfer and it seemed like a good idea for me to go there for a year and exchange knowledge and expertise.

Researchers found that language differences between cultures create significant barriers to the diffusion of folk tales, and that these barriers are stronger than those for the exchange of genes

Bacteria can become resistant to the antibiotic either as the result of a spontaneous mutation or by picking up an appropriate «resistance gene» (which codes for a protein that confers resistance) from another bacterium via genetic exchange.

«Speciation is the evolutionary process that gives rise to new species, and it occurs when barriers prevent two groups of populations from exchanging genes,» said Rice co-author Scott Egan.

«Populations of T. cristinae on the two host plants have evolved many differences in their physical form while still exchanging genes,» said Egan, a Huxley Faculty Fellow in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Rice.

Previously, cancer researchers surmised that since chromosomal ends get swapped in ALT, mutation of genes that restrain DNA exchange, a process scientists call recombination, might actually cause the condition (or, to extend the ping - pong metaphor, make cells lose paddle control).

«Along with previous examples of small RNA exchange between fungi and plants, our results imply that this cross-species gene regulation may be more widespread in other plant - parasite interactions,» said Michael J. Axtell, professor of biology at Penn State and an author of the paper.

But because of industrialized farming — which involves keeping livestock in ultra-close proximity — C. jejuni and C. coli have been pushed closer together, facilitating the exchange of genes through a process called hybridization.

«We showed at the single - cell level that the exchange of resistant genes is not influenced by antibiotics at all, which is in contrast to the literature.»

They report today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that genes of the 1918 virus were most likely present in swine or human hosts at least 2 and possibly 15 years before the pandemic began and combined to form the deadly virus during multiple reassortments, presumably rare events in which flu viruses exchange genes.

It appears to have acquired several genes that make it more pathogenic, however, probably in a process called horizontal gene transfer, by which microbes exchange bits of genetic information.

Since TB bacteria tend not to exchange genes, the mingling of high - transmission strains with drug resistant ones is unlikely to produce a superbug.

Recombination refers to the formation of new combinations of genes naturally during meiosis, which is a stage of the cell cycle where chromosomes pair up and undergo exchange.

«Our studies clearly show that widespread species have a much more diverse intraspecific gene pool than species that are adapted to a specific habitat,» explains Dr. Jan Christian Habel of the Technical University in Munich, and he continues, «Once these animals — due to the fragmentation of their habitats — lose the opportunity to maintain this genetic diversity by means of exchange, they will no longer be able to adapt to changing environmental conditions in the future.»

Finally, there is the possibility — this perhaps the strangest of all — of weird microbes and familiar microbes operating in symbiotic relationships that benefit each other through the exchange of chemical compounds, enzymes, or even genes.

Alternatively, because the vesicles contain DNA, they may facilitate the exchange of genetic material between individual bacteria, a process known as horizontal gene transfer.

Exchange of material between this gene and a neighboring gene associated with green light leads to a high amount of genetic variation but can result in color blindness if the process goes awry.

Or they could acquire the ability while exchanging bits of DNA with other E. coli in a process called horizontal gene transfer.

But the DNA data are clear: these spiders have not been interbreeding — exchanging genes — for millions of years.

The team, co-led by Sebastian Suerbaum, chose to study H. pylori, because it is not easily transmitted, has 50 times the genetic diversity of humans, and exchanges genes frequently with other members of its species.

The researchers also suggest that because the Y can not exchange genes with the X chromosome anymore, it uses other unusual ways to reconfigure its DNA, such as recombining with itself to add on new segments of identical DNA — or palindromes — into its genome.

Background mutation rates by this method is ∼ 1 base - exchange per 1,000 bases sequenced (based on sequences of constant region gene segments).

Much of this DNA is no longer capable of moving, but is likely «auditioning» perhaps as a regulator of gene function or in homologous recombination, which is a type of genetic recombination where the basic structural units of DNA, nucleotide sequences, are exchanged between two DNA molecules to repair breaks in the DNA strands.

Now, says Peter Grant, «he might wish to redraw that tree by making connections between some of the branches, representing the hybridization and gene exchange».

«Soils in the chicken coops we studied appear to be hot spots for the exchange of resistance genes,» Dantas said.

Koonin describes the eukaryotic cell as a «palimpsest of fusions and gene exchanges,» referring to a manuscript that has been written over with new text.

At a certain stage of complexity, design decisions may have limited cells» ability to exchange genes, and the ancestral pool would have split into the three kingdoms seen today, the new theory suggests.

This narrow view has been becoming overshadowed by genetic findings that support the more recent hypothesis of complex roots, which emphasizes lateral genetic exchanges or horizontal gene transfers (HGT) rather than vertical mutational progression in the development of nucleated organisms, through a clearly defined «tree of life» (Mark Buchanan, New Scientist, January 26, 2010).

The primary isolate env gene was exchanged into the vector in place of the HXB2 env gene, and used in a single round CAT - based virus infecti

For discovery of new cancer genes and mutational processes, aggregation of tens of thousands of cancer genomes is needed — we are establishing a virtual marketplace for exchange of genomes and informatics and develop increased functionality through the COSMIC portal.

This means that the turtles must have found a means to exchange their genes across large distances — and indeed over hundreds of kilometres of sea.

(Chronic myeloid leukemia, a deadly blood cancer, for example, is caused when two chromosomes in white blood cells exchange fragments, resulting in a hapless fusion of genes that are normally kept apart.)

Once broken, it can reconnect with any of more than 40 other genes in a translocation, a process that involves an exchange of DNA between two chromosomes.

This revealed that both Satellite and Faeder males carry a «supergene» which is not a gene with superpower but a cluster of about 90 genes kept together by a chromosomal inversion which means that there is no genetic exchange between the three different variants.

The demographic scenario consisted of two populations of a given effective population size that have diverged in the past and have subsequently exchanged genes.