We use the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, to study the dynamic changes and plasticity
of gene expression programs as a function of cell proliferation, quiescence and ageing, and the effect of various genetic and environmental perturbations.
Werner, S. L., Barken, D. & Hoffmann, A. Stimulus specificity
of gene expression programs determined by temporal control of IKK activity.
Not exact matches
This
program, resulting in shorter 3 ′ UTRs, is a characteristic
of gene expression during immune cell activation and correlates with proliferation across diverse cell types and tissues.
For mosquito transmission to occur, the sexual form gametocytes, which are structurally distinct and have a very different
program of gene and protein
expression, have to form continually in the blood on a 2 - day cycle.
«Telomerase is a unique protein - RNA complex where the protein subunit uses its RNA component as a template to add identical fragments
of DNA to the end
of chromosomes,» said Emmanuel Skordalakes, Ph.D., associate professor in the
Gene Expression and Regulation
program of Wistar's NCI - designated Cancer Center.
In vitro experiments and high - throughput RNA sequencing revealed that CTCF deletion profoundly altered the B lymphocyte transcriptional
program, shifting cells from a
gene expression profile typical
of the germinal center to one more similar to that seen in plasma cells.
Cells that receive these quorum - sensing messages can then kick off a
gene -
expression program that enables bacteria to break free
of the biofilm, travel via the flowing fluid to new sites and potentially spread infection to new sites.
Concurrently, this dermal cell aggregation triggers the mechanosensitive activation
of β - catenin in adjacent epidermal cells, initiating the follicle
gene expression program.
The goal
of the NIH
program, as described on its website, is «to understand the principles behind the three - dimensional organization
of the nucleus in space and time (the fourth dimension), the role nuclear organization plays in
gene expression and cellular function, and how changes in the nuclear organization affect normal development as well as various diseases.»
What's really impressive about Babar's accomplishment is that he did the work for both papers — one on the role
of a population
of stem cells in lung cancer development (published in Cell) the other on
gene expression in group A Streptococcus (published in PNAS)-- as a participant in summer undergraduate research
programs.
«We're showing for the first time that Müller glia in the adult mouse can give rise to new neurons after injury, and these neurons have the
gene expression pattern, the morphology, the electrophysiology, and the epigenetic
program to look like interneurons instead
of glia,» Reh said.
«We observed small but significant changes in the
gene expressions between normal and diabetic corneas,» said Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh Ghiam, PhD, assistant professor
of biomedical sciences and neurosurgery, a researcher in the Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye
Program and the lead author
of the study published in the journal PLOS ONE.
«RNAi therapies are a unique approach to cancer treatment as they have the potential to «turn off» the
genes» coding for proteins involved in cancer cell division,» said Ramesh K. Ramanathan, M.D., medical director
of the Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center Clinical Trials
Program at Scottsdale Healthcare and deputy director
of the Clinical Translational Research Division
of the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) in Phoenix, Ariz. «Using a lipid nanoparticle, the RNAi drug can be delivered to a cancer cell to block the
expression of specific proteins involved in tumor growth.»
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory»,
of the origin
of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,»
of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone
gene gene expression gene mapping
gene pool
gene therapy
gene transfer General Catalogue
of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory
of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search
Program genome genome, interstellar transmission
of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost
of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law
of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square
of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (HH215)
Our primary aim is to identify subgroups
of rNB patients who have potentially targetable genetic (ALK, MAPK pathway, Metabolic - related
genes) and / or immunologic (tumor - associated macrophage infiltration and / or
programmed death ligand [PD - L1]
expression) biomarkers in rNB.
«We are truly excited about the RNA transcript data and the map
of gene expression that we now have for 27 different organ - specific tissues», says Professor Mathias Uhlén,
Program Director
of the Human Protein Atlas.
Activation
of a TGF --LCB- beta -RCB-- Specific Multistep
Gene Expression Program in Mature Macrophages Requires Glucocorticoid - Mediated Surface
Expression of TGF --LCB- beta -RCB- Receptor II.
The NIH Common Fund's Library
of Integrated Network - based Cellular Signatures (LINCS)
program aims to create a network - based understanding
of biology by cataloging changes in
gene expression and other cellular processes that occur when cells are exposed to a variety
of perturbing agents.
Now researchers at UC San Francisco have taken the first step toward a comprehensive atlas
of gene expression in cells across the developing human brain, making available new insights into how specific cells and
gene networks contribute to building this most complex
of organs, and serving as a resource for researchers around the world to study the interplay between these genetic
programs and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, intellectual disability and schizophrenia.
Transcriptome studies such as the National Institute
of Health's Genotype - Tissue
Expression (GTEx) program aim to overcome this limitation by studying gene expression levels and regulation mechanisms and their relationship with diseases, instead of only DNA
Expression (GTEx)
program aim to overcome this limitation by studying
gene expression levels and regulation mechanisms and their relationship with diseases, instead of only DNA
expression levels and regulation mechanisms and their relationship with diseases, instead
of only DNA sequence.
These robust regulators
of genetic
programs comprise a novel class
of small, noncoding RNAs that regulate
gene expression by repressing protein translation.
cell types may have evolved through cooption
of temporal
gene regulation in an ancestor whose different phases were converted into germ - and soma - specific
expression programs.
Discovered in the late 1970s, the mechanism, called the unfolded protein response, relies on communication between the ER and the cell nucleus: When misfolded proteins, which can cause stress - related diseases, accumulate in the ER, cells counter the surge by triggering a
program of gene expression in the nucleus that raises the abundance
of ER proteins that foster protein folding and activates a mechanism that degrades protein clumps.
Qu S, Olafsrud SM, Meza - Zepeda LA, Saatcioglu F. Rapid
gene expression changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes upon practice
of a comprehensive yoga
program.
The findings, reported in the Oct. 5 issue
of Current Biology, define a
gene expression program that controls the timing
of synaptic remodeling.
This line
of research will reveal how developmental signaling pathways interact with chromatin to establish specific
gene expression programs.
«Without computer analysis
of sequencing results, we would not have been able to determine relationships between DNA methylation, how accessible regions
of the genome were, global
gene expression, or the emergence
of cancer cells,» says González - Avalos, a graduate student in UCSD's Bioinformatics Graduate
Program.
These results suggest that V. carteri cell types may have evolved through cooption
of temporal
gene regulation in an ancestor whose different phases were converted into germ - and soma - specific
expression programs.
We are currently testing the hypothesis that these transcription factors form a genomic regulatory network, and disruption
of that network by mutation destabilizes
gene expression programs, contributing to malignancy.
This is in accordance with previous reports that decitabine and 5 - azacytidine produce a marked synergistic effect in combination with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and romidepsin in T - lymphoma cell lines by modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.26, 27 As a mechanism
of action, KMT2D mutations
of B - lymphoma cells promote malignant outgrowth by perturbing methylation
of H3K4 that affect the JAK - STAT, Toll - like receptor, or B - cell receptor pathway.28, 29 Here our study indicated that dual treatment with chidamide and decitabine enhanced the interaction
of KMT2D with the transcription factor PU.1, thereby inactivating the H3K4me - associated signaling pathway MAPK, which is constitutively activated in T - cell lymphoma.13, 30,31 The transcription factor PU.1 is involved in the development
of all hematopoietic lineages32 and regulates lymphoid cell growth and transformation.33 Aberrant PU.1
expression promotes acute myeloid leukemia and is related to the pathogenesis
of multiple myeloma via the MAPK pathway.34, 35 On the other hand, PU.1 is also shown to interact with chromatin remodeler and DNA methyltransferease to control hematopoiesis and suppress leukemia.36 Our data thus suggested that the combined action
of chidamide and decitabine may interfere with the differentiation and / or viability
of PTCL - NOS through a PU.1 - dependent
gene expression program.
The activated AHR / NuRD complex altered the
expression of differentiation - specific
genes that control the first two developmental decisions without affecting the pluripotency
program.
«The new studies complement the current GTEx project in assessing genomic variation and
gene expression,» explained Simona Volpi, Pharm.D., Ph.D., GTEx
program director in the Division
of Genomic Medicine at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), which helps administer the
program.
The transcriptional
program of early embryonic development is tightly regulated by a set
of well - defined transcription factors that suppress premature
expression of differentiation
genes and sustain the pluripotent identity.
In young animals, immunological activation drives a conserved transcriptomic switch, resulting in tightly controlled
gene expression characterized by a strong up - regulation
of a core activation
program, coupled with a decrease in cell - to - cell variability.
Maria Mavrikaki, PhD, has been awarded the Eleanor and Miles Shore Harvard Medical School Fellowship, established as part
of a cooperative
program between Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, to support her research on the effects
of stress - and sex - regulated microRNAs on
gene expression.
This appears in the latest study from the lab
of Rugang Zhang, Ph.D., deputy director
of The Wistar Institute Cancer Center, professor and co-
program leader
of the
Gene Expression and Regulation
Program.
However, deficient inducible
gene expression in hPSCs has compromised efficiencies
of forward
programming approaches.
Mouse fetal development is perturbed by culture in low oxygen concentration that increases
expression of oxygen - sensitive
genes via hypoxia inducible factors: A non-epigenetic embryonic
programming phenomenon?
When cells are arrested by a combination
of extracellular signals, quiescence
program gene expression changes appear after only an overnight arrest.
In one study
of 23 overweight and healthy men engaged in a six month
program of exercise, 108 minutes
of exercise a week changed the
expression of about a third
of the
genes in their fat cells, including some that relate to the risk
of type 2 diabetes and the development
of obesity.
I believe changing
gene expression, which goes beyond diet, must be a part
of a successful
program.
Recent theorizing within this tradition suggests that these shifts may be manifested in changes in the relative frequency
of particular cell types in blood (Irwin and Cole, 2011) as well as in the epigenetic
programming and
gene expression of such cells (Miller et al., 2011a).
Advances in neuroscience have revealed that the process
of brain development is driven by a dynamic interaction between the genome (nature) and the environment (nurture).25 Epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone acetylation are able to transduce experiences with the environment into long - lasting, even intergenerational changes in
gene expression.26 — 35 So although the inherited genetic
program is thought to provide a general blueprint for brain architecture, the environment is able to influence which
genes are used, when they are used during the course
of development, and where they are used within the developing brain.