Sentences with phrase «of gene fragments»

Its Italian counterpart has condemned the patenting of gene fragments «of unknown function», and the Italian senate is believed to have instructed publicly funded laboratories not to send data to the database.

Similar to a key that fits a lock, the scissors only fit a specific pattern of gene fragments that may serve as a genetic fingerprint for the species searched.

Not exact matches

«Recombinant DNA technology», «DNA cloning», «molecular cloning» or «gene cloning» all describe the process of transferring a DNA fragment from one organism to a self - replicating genetic element (a cloning vector) such as a bacterial plasmid, enabling the fragment to be propagated in an alien host.

In SIF - seq, hundreds or thousands of DNA fragments to be tested for enhancer activity are coupled to a reporter gene and targeted into a single, reproducible site in embryonic cell genomes.

He extracted DNA from various species in order to clone fragments of genetic material to look for specific gene expression.

Using this technique, the team first identified millions of short fragments of RNA located at the start of genes — at the so - called «5 [prime]» end, where genes are switched on.

Hendrik recovered several short gene fragments, which represented just one - ten - thousandth of 1 percent of the bee's total genetic information.With George as a co-author, it was Hendrik's first scientific paper, published in Medical Science Research in 1992.

At the time, George had begun collaborating with molecular biologist Allan Wilson, a colleague at Berkeley who had just cloned gene fragments from the 140 - year - old pelt of a quagga, an extinct brown - and - white - striped zebra relative.

In a nonhuman primate model geneticist Anthony Chan DVM, PhD, and his colleagues at Yerkes developed, rhesus macaques carry a gene encoding a fragment of mutant human huntingtin.

The Tetrahymena intervening sequence (IVS) has been inserted into the gene for the alpha - donor fragment of beta - galactosidase in a recombinant plasmid.

Dr. Satish Rattan, Professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Jefferson's Sidney Kimmel Medical College, together with Drs. Jagmohan Singh and Ipsita Mohanty, used altered copies of the body's own genetic make - up — small RNA fragments (microRNAs) that regulate the target gene RhoA / ROCK — in order to strengthen or weaken the muscle tone of the sphincter.

As mere fragments of genes, ESTs by themselves generally have no intrinsic function in an organism.

No. 5,817,479, entitled Human Kinase Homologs, claims 44 ESTs which are fragments of genes encoding protein kinases.

The team employed a technique called Southern blotting to examine fragments of the BRCA1 gene that are much larger than the tiny snippets scanned by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in commercial tests.

«The gene has been cloned, and we know it interferes with the production of toxic amyloid fragments,» says Ralph Nixon, a professor of psychiatry and cell biology at New York University School of Medicine and a past chair of the Medical and Scientific Advisory Council of the Alzheimer's Association.

The target fragment binds to a gene switch in the DNA, which triggers the production of a colourful substance such as the protein that gives jellyfish a green glow under ultraviolet light, or proteins from bacteria that produce colour changes visible to the naked eye.

They checked that the viral gene fragments in the child and mother were a close match, and double - checked that the samples of blood cells from the child were his and no one else's, by matching them genetically with the mother.

But now that increasingly powerful genomic technology can definitively identify a species from a fragment of bone or uncover Neanderthal genes embedded in the DNA of modern humans, there is less room for debate.

But when they tested the boy again at 12 months, all traces of both the protein and the gene fragments had gone, and the child had no antibodies to HIV.

Expression of the adiponectin gene was reduced in the offspring of sleep - fragmented mothers, especially in their visceral fat cells.

Jon Wetton and his co-workers at the Forensic Science Service believe that amplifying fragments of the cytochrome b gene of the tiger's mitochondrial DNA may fill the bill.

Upon sequencing the DNA, they found that DNA fragments containing mutated genes — markers of tumors — were typically smaller than healthy versions of the gene from within the same patient.

The researchers also found differences in microRNA expression in bipolar cells — tiny fragments of RNA that play key roles in the «reading» of genes.

In gene - baiting, scientists use targeted PCR primers to amplify specific genes during the library preparation step, rather than amplifying all of the DNA fragments in the sample.

As Gary Stix reviewed in «Owning the Stuff of Life,» in the February issue, companies and universities have been on a spree of patenting not only whole genes but also genetic fragments of unknown utility.

To expedite the cutting - and - pasting of fragments of DNA, the pioneers of the method inserted a human growth hormone gene alongside other modified DNA.

But rather than delivering the entire gene for the clotting - factor proteins to cells, as most gene therapies do, the researchers used the viruses to engineer immune - regulating B cells to express a fragment of the clotting factor fused to an immune molecule called an immunoglobulin.

«Telomerase is a unique protein - RNA complex where the protein subunit uses its RNA component as a template to add identical fragments of DNA to the end of chromosomes,» said Emmanuel Skordalakes, Ph.D., associate professor in the Gene Expression and Regulation program of Wistar's NCI - designated Cancer Center.

Some of the genes contained fragments of DNA that are also known to be an important part of the innate immune system in plants, mammals and invertebrates.

Next, they put the samples into an instrument called a DNA sequencer — which automatically analyzes genetic material — to read short viral gene fragments millions or even billions of times.

The issue of whether a meager gene pool can lead to extinction in already fragmented populations has provoked «a hell of a lot of controversy,» says Richard Frankham of Macquarie University in Australia.

In the study, fragments of the virus that were not infectious were used to study viral gene expression.

In the 1980s, molecular biologist Allan Wilson of Berkeley managed to clone gene fragments from the 140 - year - old pelt of a quagga, an extinct brown - and - white - striped relative of the zebra.

Fragments of genetic material called transposons, or «jumping genes,» inserted themselves long ago in the human genome and have been a powerful force in our evolution, Tina Hesman Saey reported in «The difference makers» (SN: 5/27/17, p. 22).

The research team found that this non-coding RNA fragment maintains healthy cells through two mechanisms: Firstly by regulating the levels of DIRAS3, one of its neigboring genes that is involved in cell replication; secondly by suppressing a network of genes that prepare cells to change their shape and prepare for metastasis.

That team did find remnants of chloroplast genes, but those gene fragments belonged to the vine that this parasitic plant lives off.

But it was still quite different from the gene fragments of Asian, African, and European humans, which were all very similar to one another.

A number of these trials represent completely novel classes of therapy, such as employing fragments of RNA that interfere with problem genes or developing vaccines meant to quell drug addiction.

Finally, small beads are used to sort the mixture of DNA fragments into the right combinations to make longer genes, and the sections are combined.

Extracts from the brains of FFI patients transmitted disease to transgenic mice expressing a chimeric human - mouse PrP gene about 200 days after inoculation and induced formation of the 19 - kilodalton PrPSc fragment, whereas extracts from the brains of familial and sporadic Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease patients produced the 21 - kilodalton PrPSc fragment in these mice.

During the 1990s, a team led by Jeffery Taubenberger at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington, D.C., sequenced key gene fragments of the 1918 flu strain, recovered from frozen victims found in the Alaskan permafrost and in archived autopsy material.

In an e-mail to ScienceInsider, Yang Bicheng, director of BGI's marketing department, wrote that one gene fragment appears to have come from another food - borne pathogen, Salmonella enterica, while other genes are highly homologous to those found in other, phylogenetically distinct E. coli strains, including a strain called O25: H4 - ST131.

The technique is well established for many crops, and particle bombardment is less predictable, often yielding multiple, fragmented insertions of the new gene.

To gain access to the gene - containing portion of the barley genome at high resolution, Close and his team identified and sequenced 15,622 BACs or bacterial artificial chromosomes — small fragments of the barley DNA linked to other DNA to constitute a circular molecule that can replicate and be propagated inside an E. coli bacterial cell, enabling researchers to produce copies of each BAC for DNA sequencing one small piece of the barley genome at a time.

This will give way to the development of a drug to be used in gene therapy against neurodegenerative diseases based on small molecules which enhance the expression of the gene and / or the use of fragments of the Klotho protein itself.

So the scientists constructed a protein fragment based on a DNA sequence made up of bases complementary to those of the PrP gene, and then developed an antibody to the protein fragment.

With the remains from Punta Azul, the researchers used a fragment of the amelogenin gene.

Using a slew of molecular techniques, the team identified the color - stealing culprit in white grapes as a mobile fragment of DNA, called a retrotransposon, which inserts itself into the gene controlling pigment production.

Shotgun sequences random fragments of DNA, not one consistent gene, so it requires researchers to have a strong database they can use to match the sequences to an organism.

The fragments are too small to hold a full gene, but could carry a promoter to switch others on, says Laura Weyrich of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA in Adelaide.