Sentences with phrase «of gene selection»

Seems to me it is the interaction of gene selection and group selection that has produced modern humans as we actually are.

To explore the kinetics of gene selection in vivo, we plotted the percentage of sequencing reads mapped to genes in the Bt genome over time and examined genes constituting > 0.2 % of total reads.

Not exact matches

There are a wide range of reproductive strategies resulting from the competing interests at various levels of selection, that is, the level of individual genes / gene clusters, the level of the individual and the level of the population / species.

Even if most of the possible gene combinations are poorly viable, or inviable, a stupendous majority of the genetic potentialities of the living world have never appeared, and never will be realized and tried out by natural selection.

They include going after the damage to cells done by free radicals, making use of hormone therapy, or caloric restrictions, or vitamin supplements, or, most dramatically, healthy gene selection through pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and even repairing the entire human genome.

Evolution was not of major interest to most of these biologists, but insofar as they had a theory of it, it was a theory in terms of mutations of individual genes, carried by individual organisms and submitted to natural selection.

Through cultural evolution we take charge of much of our environment and that in turn changes the direction of natural selection of genes.

You see evolution is defined as «change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.»

There is the random, that is purposeless, mutation of genes, and there is the mechanical selection among the resulting organisms by the environment.

In this paper, I tried to interpret evolution as a continually shifting balance, spatially and temporally, among what I called the pressures of mutation, selection, and migration on gene frequencies, in conjunction with the effects of random drift composed of random variations in these pressures and of local accidents of sampling.

Swift maintains that evolution occurs, but is limited; that many cases of evolution of species have been observed, but these can be explained by gene segregation guided by natural selection.

The happenings we know a lot about, thanks to evolutionary biology, particularly of the last four decades, are the roles of mutation, recombination of genes in sexual reproduction resulting in a great diversity of gene arrangements, and natural selection.

For instance, one admits that in much of evolution (probably all above the bacteria), evolutionary changes involve enormous numbers of genes, rather than a selection of one or two particular genes (although that occurs in a few instances, possibly, for instance, in industrial melanism).

= > In the atheist view there are only two agents of change in a populations gene pool, random mutation and natural selection.

In the future, through selective abortion or the more sophisticated selection of embryos in vitro, couples will be able to screen out potential children with undesirable genes.

During my time, more tools became available for plant breeders to transfer genes of interest and improve selection efficiency.

Think he needs to go back and read the origin of species... Coz in the real world natural selection would have seen the wenger football gene disappear years ago... Sadly management at arsenal financial club doesn't care about football or fans

Green your baby at the new Andersonville shop Green Genes, a baby store that compiles style and eco-friendliness with its selection of baby clothes, toys, diapers, bottles and other items.

To answer these questions, Senior lecturer Xiao - Ru Wang and colleagues examined the signature of selection among members of a large gene family, the glutathione S - transferase (GST) in pine genome.

Such a lack of size selection also means that the genes responsible for size increase still retain a variability that holds potential for future selection.

Normally, to achieve such a rapid evolutionary shift, a species needs to start with an alternative version of a gene already in circulation, giving natural selection more to work with, but in deer mice the new version of Agouti spread rapidly from a standing start.

This synthetic genome, named M. genitalium JCVI - 1.0, contains all the genes of wild - type M. genitalium G37 except MG408, which was disrupted by an antibiotic marker to block pathogenicity and to allow for selection.

The initiative, called Safe Genes, comes at a time when so - called «gene drive» systems, which override the standard rules of gene inheritance and natural selection, are raising hopes among some scientists that the technology could alter or suppress populations of disease - carrying insects or other pests in as few as 20 generations.

Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present - day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development.

This suggests that in our ancestors, natural selection flushed out the Neandertal version of this gene.

We did not find any evidence for a so - called «positive selection» but instead found that many gene variants linked to schizophrenia reside in regions of the genome in which natural selection is not very effective in the first place.

In fact, many of our heart - stopping responses to nature are embedded in our genes from millennia of natural selection.

«We found that chimpanzees, orangutans and gorillas do not show a significant overlap of genes under positive selection with domesticates.

The new study «adds fuel to an active debate» about the role of accessory genes, says Alan McNally, a microbiologist at the University of Birmingham in England — whether or not the collections of genetic add - ons that bacteria maintain are shaped by natural selection, the process that fuels evolution.

«Those modern humans» selected genes under selection may prove central to a relevant process of domestication, given that these interactions may provide significant data on relevant phenotypic traits,» said Boeckx.

It will produce the ultimate example of gene - culture co-evolution: our technology will change the world, and it will dramatically affect natural selection, not just for a whole range of species but for humans as well.

To test this hypothesis, an international team led by evolutionary biologist Philipp Khaitovich of the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences in China and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, set out to see how many brain - related genes implicated in schizophrenia underwent positive natural selection since humans and chimpanzees diverged from a common ancestor between 5 million and 7 million years ago.

In the study, «Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat - specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale,» which appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution, the authors discuss the factors driving these mating dynamics in a hybrid zone in southern California.

For instance, the theory of kin selection — helping your relatives so your genes will be reproduced — can be illustrated by a formula called «Hamilton's rule,» which explains when a behavior or trait will be favored by natural selection.

Studies seeking subtle signs of selection in the DNA of humans and other primates have identified dozens of genes, in particular those involved in host - pathogen interactions, reproduction, sensory systems such as olfaction and taste, and more.

While natural selection favours the accumulation of fit alleles of beneficial genes, the majority of chromosomes in many organisms are composed of «selfish DNA ``, which does not benefit its host and seems to play no other role other than ensuring its own replication.

More than a hundred sites in the genome showed strong evidence of recent selection, including genes that affect muscle tissue, hair, hearing, immune - system function, skin pigmentation, sense of smell, and the body's response to heat stress.

«Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat - specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale,» appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution.

The unit of selection is a gene, the basic element of heredity.

«Usually we think about selfish genes at the level of natural selection and selection of the fittest,» Lampson said.

The researchers found strong evidence of selection on genes that control the immune response.

«We're generating so much sequence data right now, from so many species, that it's relatively straightforward to look for signatures of selection in genes and to find good candidates for adaptations,» Montooth said.

For group selection to happen, all you need is one gene that would cause individuals to come together, and for some of them to be willing to be subordinated and become workers.

Their findings indicate that intuition and signatures of selection in gene sequence may not be enough for scientists to conclusively solve the puzzles of molecular evolution.

For one such project, the team developed a new software tool called GppFst that allows researchers to differentiate genetic drift — a neutral process whereby genes and gene sequences naturally change due to random mating within a population — from genetic variations that are indicative of evolutionary changes caused by natural selection.

More than two decades ago, in one of the first papers using gene sequences to find signatures of natural selection, scientists hypothesized that a molecular change in an enzyme gave the Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly species its superior ability to metabolize alcohol.

The target of selection is normally the individual who carries an ensemble of genes of certain kinds.

This and other evidence, say study authors Svante Pbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and his colleagues, «strongly suggest that this gene has been the target of selection during recent human evolution.»

Statistical analysis of the frequencies of the different forms of the OR7D4 gene from around the world suggested that the different forms of this gene might have been subject to natural selection.

Functional analyses indicate that MFSD12 encodes a lysosomal protein that affects melanogenesis in zebrafish and mice, and that mutations in melanocyte - specific regulatory regions near DDB1 / TMEM138 correlate with expression of ultraviolet response genes under selection in Eurasians.